Schwartz New Materials, Processes, and Methods Technology

Erscheinungsjahr 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4200-3934-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 712 Seiten

Materials selection is a crucial factor in determining the cost, quality, and corrosion protection for every engineering project. The variety of increasingly durable materials and their combinations, coupled with the rise of new and more critical service requirements and the demand for lower costs, have expanded upon trial-and-error criteria into methodical, multi-dimensional approaches to materials selection.

An invaluable resource that analyzes materials from a microscopic perspective as well as a macroscopic standpoint, New Materials, Processes, and Methods Technology is a practical guide to matching and applying the material or materials with the right combination of properties in order to meet your design and service conditions. The book presents an update of existing materials and processes as well as newly developed materials that have been invented or changed by innovative techniques within the past decade. It details recent research, various analytical methods, key material and design considerations, fabrication methods, and developmental processes. Each section covers a material or material-family and the techniques required for practical applications.

Anticipating future trends and prospects, the book also examines the foundations to several innovative technologies, including the potential of tailor-made materials, various types of fuel cells, and the properties of FGMs in current and future metallic and non-metallic systems and models. In its final chapter, the book highlights processes that are poised for production as well as prospects still in experimentation and testing phases. New Materials, Processes, and Methods Technology provides today's scientists, technicians, and engineering departments devoted to resolving application requirements with performance properties using a well-executed material selection process.

Zielgruppe

Materials scientists, graduate students, technicians, researchers, and engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schwartz, Mel

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
References

Nanotechnology
Nanoscience/Nanotechnology
Nanofabrication/Nanoassembly
Atomic Bit Processing
Nanomaterials
Synthesis: Metals/Intermetallics
Sol-Gel Methods
Compaction
Silicon-Based Nanostructures
Hybrid Semiconductors - Molecular Nanoelectronics
Hybrid Circuits
Nanophase Materials
Producing Nanophase Particles
Grain Boundaries/Size
Nanostructured Oxides
Nanostructured Nitrides and Carbonitrides
Nanocomposites
Background
Some Typical Material Types and Processing Methods
Modeling
Polymer Nanocomposites
Properties of PNCs
Some Applications of Nanotechnology
Films/Coatings
Nanoelectronics
New Bone Materials
Shoes
Biosensors/Computational Optoelectronics
Molecular Electronics
Inorganic Nanowires
Lubricants
Polyesters
Cellulose Materials
Automotive
Protection of Food Supply
Optics
Building Blocks (Carbon Tubules)
Motors
Switches
Rules and Measuring Devices
Piezoceramics
Clothing
Clusters
Cosmetics
Nanowire Arrays
Nanobatteries
Future and Potential
Challenges
Self-Assembly
Next Decade

Carbon-Carbon Composites
Introduction
Graphite and Carbon-Carbon Composites
Carbon Fiber and Matrix Materials
Carbon Fibers
Matrix Materials
Thermosetting Resins
Tar Pitch Resins
Carbon Fiber Structure
Rayon-Based Carbon Fibers
Pan-Based Carbon Fibers
Pitch-Derived Carbon Fibers
Fiber Structure and Architecture
Weaving
Multidirectional Preforms
Braiding
Matrix Precursors
C/C Significant Properties
Mechanical Properties
High-Temperature Mechanical Properties
Fatigue Properties
Fracture Toughness
Thermal Properties
Processing Effects on Mechanical Properties
Oxidation Protection
Low-Temperature Protection (up to 1000ºC)
Protection up to 1800ºC
Protection Beyond 1800ºC
NDE of Coatings
Fabrication Processes/Techniques
Mechanical Fastening
Brazing
High-Energy Electron Beam (HEEB)
Applications
Brakes and Clutches
Pistons
Rocket Motors
Heat Shields (Thermal Protection Systems)
Aero-Engine Components
Biomedical Devices
Industrial and Miscellaneous Applications
Reflective Panels
Ion-Accelerator Grids
Glass Making
High-Temperature Mechanical Fasteners
Molds for Forming Superplastic Metals
Hot Press Dies
Hot Gas Ducts
Furnace Heating Elements and Charging Stages
Summary

Shape Memory Alloys/Effect
Introduction
One-Way Shape Memory Effect
Two-Way Shape Memory Effect
How It Works
SMA Systems
Fe-based Alloys
Cu-based Alloys
Ni-Ti Alloys
Ternary Ni-Ti Alloy Systems
Composite Materials
Other Types of SMAs
Hybrid Composites
Material Forms
Design Constraints and Considerations
General Guidelines
Material Processing Techniques
Cu-Al-Ni-based SMA
Fabrication Techniques
Joining
Fusion Welding of SMAs
Solid-State Welding of SMAs
Alternative Processes for Joining
Superplastic Forming
Forming
Machining
Design for Assembly
Laser Machining
SMA Applications
Aeronautics/Aerospace
Consumer Products
Commercial/Industrial Safety
Medical
Automotive
Industrial/Civil Engineering
Reinforcing or Decommissioning Structures
Power Generation System
Miscellaneous
Electronics
Future Trends and Prospects
Final Remarks on Future Prospects
SMPs

Nanostructured Materials (NSM)
Structure and Properties of NSM
Nanocrystals and Nanocrystalline Materials
Nanocrystals
Nanocrystalline Materials
Nanocrystalline Processing
Sintering
CVS
Nanocomposites
Ceramics
Sintering
Other Processes
Powder-Making
Nanomanufacturing
Nanocomposite Applications and Directions
Automotive
Coatings
Gas Phase Condensation (GPC)
MEMS
Medical
Textile/Clothing
Micro Springs
Computers
Miscellaneous
Nanoparticles
Nanopowders
Approaches to Powder Fabrication
Densification and Treatment
Applications
Nanowires
Nanobelts
Nanofilms
Nanocircuits
Nanowhiskers
Nanocapsules
Nanospheres
Nanofibers
Nanoceramics/Shells
Nanoantennas
Nanoelectronics
Hybrid Circuits
Neuromorphic Networks
Self-Evolution

Powder Metallurgy (P/M)
Introduction
Definition
Materials
Titanium Alloys
Intermetallics
Composites
Copper-Iron-Cobalt Alloys
Rhenium
Cermets
Cemented Carbides
Tungsten-Based Heavy Alloys
Processes for Powder Production
Status of MA
Solid Solubility Processing
Plasma Processing (PP)
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
Novel Plasma Process
Plasma Melting
Plasma Discharge Spheroidization (PDS)
Spray Compaction
Other Innovative Advanced P/M Processes
Warm Compaction
Cold Forming
Dynamic Magnetic Compaction
Laser Manufacturing/Processing
Processes for Part Fabrication
Specialty Production Processes: Powder-Injection Molding
What Is PIM?
Design and Material Considerations
Materials and Trends
Another Specialty Production Process: Metal Injection
Molding (MIM)
Typical Applications

Nanotubes
Introduction
Definition and Structure
Growth and Fabrication
Properties
Mechanical Properties
Composite-Reinforced Properties
Electrical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Properties
Dialing-Up Properties
Other Nanotube Materials
Welding Nanotubes
Applications
DNA
Military and Space
Composites
Medical
Commercial Products and Fiber Optics
Electronics
Future Potential

Functionally Gradient Materials
Introduction
Definition and Design of FGMs
Definition
Design
Material Combinations
Fabrication/Processing Methods
Joining FGMs
Properties
Applications
Dental Implant
Building Materials
Ballistic Protection
Temperature Sensors

Microelectromechanical Systems
Introduction
What Are MEMS?
MEMS Design
Types of MEMS
Fabrication
UV Lasers
Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Wafer-Level Membrane Transfer Process
Micromachines
Manufacturing MEMS
Applications
Future Potential
Packaging Advancements
Future Work

Fuel Cells
Introduction
What is a Fuel Cell?
Major Types and Operations
Proton Exchange Membrane
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
Other Fuel Cells
Applications in Transportation
Automotive
Motorcycles, Scooters, and Water Taxis
Locomotives, Submarines, Ferries, and Yachts
Trucks and Buses
Auxiliary Power Units
Applications in Commercial Sector
Cell Phones/Computers
DC Rotary Motors
Office Buildings/Residential Homes/Hotels
Communications Equipment
Forklifts
Power Plant
Medical Implants
Power Supply Equipment
Life-Cycle Cost Savings
Musical Band
Sailboats/Powerboats
Future

Liquid Crystal Polymers/Interpenetrating Network for Polymers/Interpenetrating Phase Ceramics
Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)
Introduction
Types (Classes) and Properties
Properties Especially Affecting Design
Properties and How They Affect Molding
Other Properties
Processing
Applications
Interpenetrating Network (IPN)
Introduction
Types
Processes
Applications
Interpenetrating Phase Ceramics (IPCs)

Processes and Fabrication
Introduction
Composite Processes
Dry Process for PI/C and B: Fiber Tape
Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
RTM/CoRTM/VARTM/RARTM
Infusion Processes: Resin Film Infusion (RFI)/DIAB Method
Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
Metal Matrix Composites
Advanced Fibers/Whiskers/Particulates
Siboramic Fibers
TiB Whiskers
Biocomposites
Crystaloy™ or CxA
Laser Processes
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
Peening
Welding
Surface Treatment
Glazing and Cladding
Coatings
Trends
Processes for Applying Coatings
Thermal Spray Processes
Metal Spray Processes
Friction Stir Processes (FSP)
Friction Stir Processing for Superplasticity
Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Magnetic Pulse Welding (MPW)
Ceramic Welding
Ceramic Joining
Adhesives
Wire Bonding
Nitrocarburizing
Process
Vacuum Carburizing
Electrospinning
Process
Applications
Spinning Spider Silk
Press Forming Thermoplastics
Ion Implantation
Gelcasting
Applications
Robocasting
Rapid Prototyping
Plasma-Assisted Boriding
Net-Shape P/M
Rheocasting Processes
SemiSolid Casting
Investment Casting
Single Crystals
Single Crystal Ceramics
Microwave Processing
Drilling
Casting and Sintering
Flowforming
X-Ray Inspection
Microfocus X-Ray Inspection Systems
Nanofocus X-Ray Inspection
Future of X-Ray Inspection

Index