Fundamentals and Applications
Buch, Englisch, 688 Seiten, Format (B × H): 183 mm x 260 mm, Gewicht: 1365 g
ISBN: 978-1-119-37021-5
Verlag: Wiley
The aim of this new book series (Diatoms: Biology and Applications) is to provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information on diatom biology and applications. The first book of the series, Diatoms Fundamentals & Applications, is wide ranging, starting with the contributions of amateurs and the beauty of diatoms, to details of how their shells are made, how they bend light to their advantage and ours, and major aspects of their biochemistry (photosynthesis and iron metabolism). The book then delves into the ecology of diatoms living in a wide range of habitats, and look at those few that can kill or harm us. The book concludes with a wide range of applications of diatoms, in forensics, manufacturing, medicine, biofuel and agriculture. The contributors are leading international experts on diatoms. This book is for a wide audience researchers, academics, students, and teachers of biology and related disciplines, written to both act as an introduction to diatoms and to present some of the most advanced research on them.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
Foreword xvii
Preface xxiii
1 A Memorial to Frithjof Sterrenburg: The Importance of the Amateur Diatomist 1
Janice L. Pappas
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background and Interests 3
1.3 The Personality of an Amateur Diatomist 7
1.4 The Amateur Diatomist and the Importance of Collections 11
1.5 The Amateur Diatomist as Expert in the Tools of the Trade 12
1.6 The Amateur Diatomist as Peer-Reviewed Scientific Contributor 15
1.7 Concluding Remarks 20
Acknowledgments 21
References 21
2 Alex Altenbach – In Memoriam of a Friend 29
Wladyslaw Altermann
References 31
3 The Beauty of Diatoms 33
Mary Ann Tiffany and Stephen S. Nagy
3.1 Early History of Observations of Diatoms 33
3.2 Live Diatoms 35
3.3 Shapes and Structures 35
3.4 Diatom Beauty at Various Scales 36
3.5 Valves During Morphogenesis 37
3.6 Jamin-Lebedeff Interference Contrast Microscopy 39
3.7 Conclusion 40
Acknowledgments 40
References 41
4 Current Diatom Research in China 43
Yu Xin Zhang
4.1 Diatoms for Energy Conversion and Storage 43
4.1.1 Introduction 43
4.1.2 Diatom Silica: Structure, Properties and Their Optimization 46
4.1.3 Diatoms for Lithium Ion Battery Materials 48
4.1.4 Diatoms for Energy Storage: Supercapacitors 51
4.1.5 Diatoms for Solar Cells 56
4.1.6 Diatoms for Hydrogen Storage 58
4.1.7 Diatoms for Thermal Energy Storage 59
4.2 Diatoms for Water Treatment 61
4.2.1 Support for Preparation of Diatomite-Based Adsorption Composites 61
4.2.2 Catalyst and Template for Preparation of Porous Carbon Materials 63
4.2.3 Modification of Surface and Porous Structure 66
4.2.4 Support for Preparation of Diatomite-Based Metal Oxide Composites 75
4.3 Study of Tribological Performances of Compound Dimples Based on Diatoms Shell Structures 86
References 88
5 Cellular Mechanisms of Diatom Valve Morphogenesis 99
Yekaterina D. Bedoshvili and Yelena V. Likhoshway
5.1 Introduction 99
5.2 Valve Symmetry 100
5.3 Valve Silification Order 102
5.4 Silica Within SDV 103
5.5 Macromorphogenesis Control 104
5.6 Cytoskeletal Control of Morphogenesis 106
5.7 The Role of Vesicles in Morphogenesis 107
5.8 Valve Exocytosis and the SDV Origin 108
5.9 Conclusion 110
References 110
6 Application of Focused Ion Beam Technique in Taxonomy-Oriented Research on Ultrastructure of Diatoms 115
Andrzej Witkowski, Tomasz Plocinski, Justyna Grzonka, Izabela Zglobicka, Malgorzata Bak, Przemyslaw Dabek, Ana I. Gomes and Krzysztof J. Kurzydlowski
6.1 Introduction 116
6.2 Material and Methods 117
6.3 Results 117
6.3.1 Complex Stria Ultrastructure 117
6.3.1.1 Biremis lucens (Hustedt) Sabbe, Witkowski & Vyverman 1995 117
6.3.1.2 Olifantiella mascarenica Riaux-Gobin & Compere 2009 120
6.4 Discussion 123
6.4.1 Cultured Versus Wild Specimens 124
6.5 Conclusions 124
Acknowledgements 126
References 126
7 On Light and Diatoms: A Photonics and Photobiology Review 129
Mohamed M. Ghobara, Nirmal Mazumder, Vandana Vinayak, Louisa Reissig, Ille C. Gebeshuber, Mary Ann Tiffany and Richard Gordon
7.1 Introduction 130
7.2 The Unique Multiscale Structure of the Diatom Frustules 130
7.3 Optical Properties of Diatom Frustules 139
7.3.1 The Frustule as a Box with Photonic Crystal Walls 143
7.3.2 Light Focusing Phenomenon 146
7.3.3 Photoluminescence Properties 151
7.3.4 Probable Roles of the Frustule in Diatom Photobiology 152
7.4 Diatom Photobiology 153
7.4.1 Underwater Light Field 153
7.4.2 Cell Cycle Light Regulation 154
7.4.3 The Phototactic Phenomenon in Pennates 154
7.4.4 Chloroplast Migration (Karyostrophy) 156
7.4.5 Blue Light and Its Effects on Microtubules of Cells 157
7.4.6 Strategies for Photoregulation Under High Light Intensity 159
7.4.7 Strategies for Photoregulation Under Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Exposure 159
7.4.8 Diatoms and Low Light 160
7.4.9 Diatoms and No Light 161
7.4.10 Light Piping and Cellular Vision 161
7.5 Diatom and Light Applications 162
7.5.1 In Photocatalysis 162
7.5.2 Bio-Based UV Filters 164
7.5.3 In Solar Cells 165
7.5.4 Applications Based on Luminescence Properties 167
7.5.5 Cloaking Diatoms 167
7.6 Conclusion 169
Acknowledgement 169
Glossary 169
References 171
8 Photosynthesis in Diatoms 191
Matteo Scarsini, Justine Marchand, Kalina M. Manoylov and Benoît Schoefs
8.1 Introduction 191
8.2 The Chloroplast Structure Reflects the Two Steps Endosymbiosis 194
8.3 Photosynthetic Pigments 196
8.3.1 Chlorophylls 196
8.3.2 Carotenoids 197
8.4 The Organization of the Photosynthetic Apparatus 197
8.5 Non-Photochemical Quenching (NPQ) 200
8.6 Carbon Uptake and Fixation 202
8.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 204
Acknowledgment 205
References 205
9 Iron in Diatoms 213
John A. Raven
9.1 Introduction 213
9.2 Fe Acquisition by Diatoms 214
9.3 Fe-Containing Proteins in Diatoms and Economy of Fe Use 214
9.4 Iron Storage 219
9.5 Conclusions and Prospects 220
Acknowledgements 220
References 220
10 Diatom Symbioses with Other Photoauthotroph 225
Rosalina Stancheva and Rex Lowe
10.1 Introduction 225
10.2 Diatoms with a N2-Fixing Coccoid Cyanobacterial Endosymbiont 226
10.3 Diatoms with N2-Fixing Filamentous Heterocytous Cyanobacterial Endosymbionts 233
10.4 Epiphytic, Endogloeic and Endophytic Diatoms 235
10.5 Diatom Endosymbionts in Dinoflagellates 238
Acknowledgements 239
References 239
11 Diatom Sexual Reproduction and Life Cycles 245
Aloisie Poulícková and David G. Mann
11.1 Introduction 245
11.2 Centric Diatoms 247
11.2.1 Life Cycle and Reproduction 247
11.2.2 Gametogenesis and Gamete Structure 250
11.2.3 Spawning 251
11.3 Pennate Diatom Life Cycles and Reproduction 252
11.4 Auxospore Development and Structure 257
11.4.1 Incunabula 259
11.4.2 Perizonium 260
11.5 Induction of Sexual Reproduction 261
Acknowledgments 262
References 263
12 Ecophysiology, Cell Biology and Ultrastructure of a Benthic Diatom Isolated in the Arctic 273
Ulf Karsten, Rhena Schumann and Andreas Holzinger
12.1 Introduction 274
12.2 Environmental Settings in the Arctic 274
12.3 Growth as Function of Temperature 275
12.4 Growth After Long-Term Dark Incubation 277
12.5 Cell Biological Traits After Long-Term Dark Incubation 279
12.6 Ultrastructural Traits 282
12.7 Conclusions 283
Acknowledgements 284
References 284
13 Ecology of Freshwater Diatoms – Current Trends and Applications 289
Aloisie Poulícková and Kalina Manoylov
13.1 Introduction 289
13.2 Diatom Distribution 292
13.3 Diatom Dispersal Ability 292
13.4 Functional Classification in Diatom Ecology 294
13.5 Spatial Ecology and Metacommunities 296
13.6 Aquatic Ecosystems Biomonitoring 299
13.7 Conclusions 301
References 301
14 Diatoms from Hot Springs of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia) 311
Tatiana V. Nikulina, E. G. Kalitina, N. A. Kharitonova, G. A. Chelnokov, Elena A. Vakh and O. V. Grishchenko
14.1 Introduction 311
14.2 Materials and Methods 313
14.3 Description of Sampling Sites 313
14.3.1 Malkinsky Geothermal Field 314
14.3.2 Nachikinsky Geothermal Field 317
14.3.3 Verkhnaya-Paratunka Geothermal Field 317
14.3.3.1 Goryachaya Sopka Hot Spring 318
14.3.3.2 Karimshinsky Hot Spring 318
14.3.4 Mutnovsky Geothermal Field 318
14.3.4.1 Dachny Hot Springs 319
14.3.4.2 Verkhne-Vilyuchinsky Hot Spring 319
14.4 Results 320
14.4.1 Malkinsky Geothermal Field 320
14.4.2 Nachikinsky Geothermal Field 320
14.4.3 Verkhnaya-Paratunka Geothermal Field 326
14.4.3.1 Goryachaya Sopka Hot Spring 326
14.4.3.2 Karimshinsky Hot Spring 326
14.4.4 Mutnovsky Geothermal Field 326
14.4.4.1 Dachny Hot Springs 326
14.4.4.2 Verkhne-Vilyuchinsky Hot Spring 327
14.5 Summary 330
References 331
15 Biodiversity of High Mountain Lakes in Europe with Special Regards to Rila Mountains (Bulgaria) and Tatra Mountains (Poland) 335
Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova, Agata Z. Wojtal, Elwira Sienkiewicz, Ivan Botev and Teodora Trichkova
15.1 Introduction 335
15.1.1 Factors Which Control the Diatom Distribution 336
15.1.2 Biodiversity Assessment 337
15.2 Recent Datom Biodiversity in High Mountain Lakes in bulgaria and Poland 338
15.2.1 The Rila Lakes, Bulgaria 338
15.2.2 The Tatra Lakes, Poland 339
15.3 Diatom Community Changes in High-Mountain Lakes in Bulgaria and Poland from Pre-Industrial Times to Present Day 340
15.3.1 The Rila Mts. 340
15.3.2 Tatra Mts. 342
15.4 Monitoring Data ‘2015’ and Correlations Between the Data Sets of the Rila Mts. and the Tatra Mts. 344
15.4.1 The Rila Lakes 344
15.4.2 The Tatra Lakes 346
15.5 Red-List Data: Cirque “Sedemte Ezera”, Rila Mts. and Tatra Mts. 349
15.5.1 Cirque “Sedemte Ezera”, Rila Mts. 349
15.5.2 Tatra Mts. 349
15.6 Summary 349
Acknowledgements 351
References 351
16 Diatoms of the Southern Part of the Russian Far East 355
Tatiana V. Nikulina and Lubov A. Medvedeva
16.1 History of the Stud
