Solé / Bausa / Jaque An Introduction to the Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids

1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-470-86887-4
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 304 Seiten, E-Book

This practical guide to spectroscopy and inorganic materials meetsthe demand from academia and the science community for anintroductory text that introduces the different opticalspectroscopic techniques, used in many laboratories, for materialcharacterisation.
* Treats the most basic aspects to be introduced into the fieldof optical spectroscopy of inorganic materials, enabling a studentto interpret simple optical (absorption, reflectivity, emission andscattering) spectra
* Contains simple, illustrative examples and solvedexercises
* Covers the theory, instrumentation and applications ofspectroscopy for the characterisation of inorganic materials,including lasers, phosphors and optical materials such asphotonics
This is an ideal beginner's guide for students with someprevious knowledge in quantum mechanics and optics, as well as areference source for professionals or researchers in materialsscience, especially the growing field of optical materials.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Solé, Jose

Bausa, Luisa

Jaque, Daniel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

PREFACE.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
SOME PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF INTEREST IN SPECTROSCOPY.
I FUNDAMENTALS.
I.1 Origin of the Spectroscopy.
I.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum. Optical Spectroscopy.
I.3 Absorption. The Spectrophotometer.
I.4 Luminescence. The Spectrofluorimeter. Time resolvedluminescence.
I.5 Scattering. The Raman effect.
I.6 Advanced topic: The Fourier Transform Spectrophotometer.
Exercises.
II LIGHT SOURCES.
II.1 Introduction.
II.2 Lamps.
II.3 The Laser. Basic principles.
II.4 Types of Lasers.
II.5 Tunability of laser radiation. The Optical ParametricOscillator.
II.6 Advanced Topic:1) Site Selective Spectroscopy. 2) ExcitedState Absorption.
Exercises.
III MONOCHROMATORS AND DETECTORS.
III.1 Introduction.
III.2 Monochromators.
III.3 Types of detectors. Basic parameters.
III.4 The Photomultiplier.
III.5 Signal/noise ratio optimisation.
III.6 Detection of pulses.
III.7 Advanced Topic: Detection of very fast pulses; The StreakCamera; The Correlator.
Exercises.
IV. OPTICAL TRANSPARENCY OF SOLIDS.
IV.1 Introduction.
IV.2 Optical magnitudes and the dielectric constant.
IV.3The Lorentz oscillator.
IV.4 Metals.
IV.5 Semiconductors and insulators.
IV.6 Spectral shape of the fundamental absorption edge.
IV.7 Excitons.
IV.8 Advanced topic: The colour of metals.
Exercises.
V. OPTICALLY ACTIVE CENTRES.
V.1 Introduction.
V.2 Static interaction. The crystalline field.
V.3 Band intensities. The oscillator strength.
V.4 Dynamic interaction. The coordinate configurationdiagram.
V.5 Band shape. The Huang-Rhys factor.
V.6 Non radiative transitions. Energy transfer.
V.7 Advanced topic: Determination of quantum efficiencies.
Exercises.
VI. APPLICATIONS: RARE EARTH AND TRANSITION METAL IONS, COLOURCENTERS.
VI.1 Introduction.
VI.2 Trivalent rare earth ions. Diagram of Dieke.
VI.3 Non radiative transitions in rare earth ions; The "energygap" law.
VI.4 Transition metal ions. Tanabe- Sugano diagrams.
VI.5 Colour centres.
VI.6 Advanced topic: 1) The Judd and Ofelt method. 2) Opticalcooling of solids.
Exercises.
VII. GROUP THEORY AND SPECTROSCOPY.
VII.1 Introduction.
VII.2 Symmetry operations and classes.
VII.3 Representations. The character table.
VII.4 Reduction in symmetry and splitting of energy levels.
VII.5 Selection rules for optical transitions.
VII.6 Illustrative examples.
VII.7 Advanced topic: Applications to optical transitions ofKramers ions.
Exercises.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX A1.- The joint density of states.
APPENDIX A2.- Effect of an octahedral field on a valenceelectron d¯1.
APPENDIX A3.- Calculation of the spontaneous emissionprobability by the Einstein thermodynamic treatment.
APPENDIX A4.- Determination of the Smakula´s formula.
INDEX.