Languages In The World

How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-118-53128-0
Verlag: John Wiley and Sons Ltd

Buch, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Format (B × H): 178 mm x 254 mm, Gewicht: 750 g

This innovative introduction outlines the structure and distribution of the world’s languages, charting their evolution over the past 200,000 years.
- Balances linguistic analysis with socio-historical and political context, offering a cohesive picture of the relationship between language and society
- Provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the study of language by drawing not only on the diverse fields of linguistics (structural, linguist anthropology, historical, sociolinguistics), but also on history, biology, genetics, sociology, and more
- Includes nine detailed language profiles on Kurdish, Arabic, Tibetan, Hawaiian, Vietnamese, Tamil, !Xóõ (Taa), Mongolian, and Quiché
- A companion website offers a host of supplementary materials including, sound files, further exercises, and detailed introductory information for students new to linguistics

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tetel Andresen, Julie (Duke University

Tetel Andresen, Julie

Carter, Phillip M. (Florida International University

Carter, Phillip M.

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Historische & Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachtypologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Soziolinguistik
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Sprachpolitik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Map 0.1 World map with language families xi

Figure 0.1 IPA consonants xii

Figure 0.2 IPA vowels xii

About the Website xiii

List of Maps and Figures xv

Preface xvii

Part I Linguistic Preliminaries: Approach and Theory

Introductory Note: On Language 1

1 All Languages Were Once Spanglish 3

The Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas 3

What Is Language? 4

How Many Languages Are There? 6

How and When Did Language Get Started? 9

The Structure of Spanglish 13

Final Note: The Encounter of Spanish and English on Television in the United States 17

Exercises 18

Discussion Questions 20

Notes 20

References 21

Further Reading 21

2 The Language Loop 22

The Australian Walkabout 22

Introducing the Language Loop 23

Language and Cognition 26

Language, the World, and Culture 28

Language and Linguistic Structure 31

Language, Discourse, and Ideology 32

On Major and Minor Languages 33

Final Note: The Contingencies of Time, Place, and Biology 35

Exercises 37

Discussion Questions 37

Notes 38

References 38

Further Reading 39

3 Linguistics and Classification 40

The Role of Sanskrit in Philology 40

Of Linguistics, Philology, Linguists, and Grammarians 42

Genetic Classification 46

Areal Classification 48

Typological Classification 51

Functional Classification 55

Final Note: The Role of Sanskrit in India Today 57

Exercises 58

Discussion Questions 59

Notes 60

References 60

Further Reading 61

Part II Effects of Power

Introductory Note: On Power 63

4 Effects of the Nation-State and the Possibility of Kurdistan 65

Lines Are Drawn in the Sand 65

The Status of Language on the Eve of the Nation-State 66

The Epistemology of the Nation-State 69

The French Revolution, German Romanticism, and Print Capitalism 71

Standardization and the Instilling of Vergonha 75

Language and Individual Identity 76

What’s Race Got to Do with It? 78

The Problematic Race–Nation–Language Triad 79

Final Note: The Kurds Today – Different Places, Different Outcomes 84

Language Profile: Kurdî / [Kurdish (Indo-European)] 85

Exercises 90

Discussion Questions 91

Notes 91

References 92

Further Reading 93

5 The Development of Writing in the Litmus of Religion and Politics 94

The Story of the Qur’¨¡n 94

Magico-Religious Interpretations of the Origins of Writing 95

Steps Toward the Representation of Speech 97

Types of Writing Systems 100

Religion and the Spread of Writing Systems 105

The Always Already Intervention of Politics 108

Orality and Literacy 111

Final Note: Azerbaijan Achieves Alphabetic Autonomy 114

Language Profile: [Arabic (Afro-Asiatic)] 114

Exercises 119

Discussion Questions 122

Notes 123

References 124

Further Reading 124

6 Language Planning and Language Law: Shaping the Right to Speak 125

Melting Snow and Protests at the Top of the World 125

Language Academies: The First Enforcers 127

Another Look at Prescriptivism 129

Making Language Official: A Tale of Three Patterns 131

Language Policy and Education: A Similar Tale of Three Patterns 139

Language Planners and Language Police 144

Final Note: Choosing Death or Life 146

Language Profile: [Tibetan (Sino-Tibetan)] 147

Exercises 152

Discussion Questions 153

Notes 154

References 155

Further Reading 156

Part III Effects of Movement

Introductory Note: On Movement 159

7 A Mobile History: Mapping Language Stocks and Families 161

Austronesian Origin Stories 161

Population Genetics and Links to Lan

Über Autor(innen)

Julie Tetel Andresen is Professor of English and former Chair of Linguistic at Duke University. A linguistic historiographer focusing on French, German, British, and American theories of language from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, she is the author of Linguistics and Evolution: A Developmental Approach (2013) and Linguistics in America 1769–1924: A Critical History (1996).

Phillip M. Carter is Assistant Professor of English and Linguistics at Florida International University. Specializing in immigrant and ethnolinguistic minority communities in the Unites States, his work on the language varieties and cultural practices of U.S. Latinos has been published in leading journals, including Language in Society, English Worldwide, Journal of Sociolinguistics, American Speech, and Language in Linguistics Compass.