The Imperial Laboratory

Experimental Physiology and Clinical Medicine in Post-Crimean Russia
Erscheinungsjahr 2009
ISBN: 978-90-420-2658-2
Verlag: Brill | Rodopi

Buch, Englisch, Band 87, 374 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 230 mm, Gewicht: 780 g

Reihe: Clio Medica

Following a humiliating defeat in the Crimean War, the Russian Empire found herself exposed due to major deficiencies in her infrastructure. To gain from European scientific, technical and educational advancements, the Russian Government began to permit studies abroad and relaxed censorship, which brought a new flood of literature into the country. These measures enormously facilitated the growth of Russian science, medicine and education in the late nineteenth century, taking the Empire into a fascinating era of laboratory research, a new cultural and intellectual tradition.
The Imperial Laboratory tells the story of the lives and studies of the leading Russian and German clinician–experimenters who played critical roles in the integration of physics and chemistry into physiology and clinical medicine. A principal theme is the major transformations undergone in military medicine and education. Using a wide range of Russian and German primary sources, this book offers a unique English-language insight into Russian physiology and medicine that will be of interest to both historians and doctors, as well as anyone interested in Russian science and culture.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Geschichte der Medizin
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Weltgeschichte & Geschichte einzelner Länder und Gebietsräume Europäische Geschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Geschichtliche Themen Wissenschafts- und Universitätsgeschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Weltgeschichte & Geschichte einzelner Länder und Gebietsräume Geschichte einzelner Länder Europäische Länder

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Images

List of Tables

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Part I: The German Laboratory and ‘Scientific Medicine’ in the Late 1850s and Early 1860s: A Russian View

The Old–New Tradition

Physiologist-Physicists: Foundation of the Discipline

A Viennese Prelude: Sechenov’s Research at Ludwig’s Laboratory

Berlin Wins over Paris and Vienna: Botkin’s View on European Clinics

‘Alt Heidelberg, du feine…’

Part II: The St Petersburg Medico-Surgical Academy and Experimental Science

Military Medical Education: The Aftermath of the Crimean War

The Winds of Change: Reformation of the Medico-Surgical Academy

The ‘Medico-Chemical Academy’: Zinin’s Laboratory

Synthesis and Symphonies: Borodin’s Laboratory

‘Scientific Medicine’: Botkin’s Teaching Clinic and Laboratory

The New Discipline of Russian Physiology: Sechenov’s Laboratory

A Few Steps Further: The Operation of the Physiological Laboratory under Cyon

Part III: From Physics and Chemistry of the Body to Physical Chemistry: Sechenov’s Research on Blood Gases and Salt Solutions

Russian Universities in the Sea of Change, 1870–1886

Sechenov at Novorossiisk University: New Laboratory, New Challenges

A Simple Model: Transition from Blood-Gas Research to Studies on Salt Solutions

Sechenov at St Petersburg: ‘Galvanic studies’ – A Final Proof

The Context to Sechenov’s Study of Solution: The Mendeleev–Ostwald Debate on the Theory of Solutions

The Universal Law: Expectations and Disappointments

Bibliography

Index

Über Autor(innen)

Galina Kichigina has taught at Moscow Medical Academy and at University of Toronto. She has co-authored a chapter on history of cardiovascular physiology and on modern concepts of ventricular fibrillation in I. Efimov, et al. (eds) Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy (New York: Springer, 2008) and is currently working on a history of cardiology and molecular medicine.