Thomson Polyurethanes as Specialty Chemicals

Principles and Applications
Erscheinungsjahr 2010
ISBN: 978-1-4200-3966-5
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 208 Seiten

Looking beyond the traditional applications of polyurethanes (PUR), Polyurethanes as Specialty Chemicals presents a different approach to polyurethane chemistry by examining a range of new products and new research for both environmental and medical applications. This book is also the first in its field to provide useful design tools for product designers to customize the foam surface.

The author examines extraction methods and biodegradability of polyurethanes for removing pollutants from air and groundwater and for sanitation/wastewater treatment. Thomson also explores the behavior of polyurethanes in a biological environment, covering a broad spectrum of applications that includes artificial organs, chelating agents for pharmaceuticals, and delivery systems for skin care products and cosmetics. The in-depth treatment of biochemical processes and cellular interaction includes tissue response, cell adhesion, 3D cell scaffolding for cell propagation, the immobilization of enzymes, and the production of proteins. Other topics of interest include agricultural applications and the use of PUR as an analytical/diagnostic system for testing toxicity without the use of animals.

Destined to become indispensable in its field, Polyurethanes as Specialty Chemicals explores conventional PUR and its composites - emphasizing formulations, reticulated foams and hydrophilics - as versatile structures that can be used for specific design objectives in environmental and medical applications.

Zielgruppe

Workers in the polyurethane industry, researchers in cosmetics and personal care products, environmental researchers, medical device researchers

Autoren/Hrsg.

Thomson, Timothy

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie Polymerchemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Kunststoffe und Polymere

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION
An Environmental Example
Another Environmental Application
Immobilization of Enzymes
A Medical Example
Summary
POLYURETHANE CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF
The Primary Building Blocks of Polyurethane
The Basic Polyurethane reaction
The History and Current Status of Polyurethanes
STRUCTURE/PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS
Analysis of Polyurethanes and its Precursors
Structure/Property Aspects of Polyurethane design
EXTRACTION OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Introduction
Treatment of Sanitary Waste
Summary
Treatment of Environmental Problems by Extraction
Theory of Extraction
Uses for Extraction
Application of Extraction Principles to the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment
Extraction of Pesticides, development of a Broad-base Extraction Medium
Case Studies
Combination of the carbon adsorption technology and the enthalpic extraction by polyurethane
ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS CONTINUED
The Biochemical Conversion
The Biochemical Reactor
The Biochemical Process
The development of a Biofilm in an Attached Growth Bioreactor
Summary of Biochemical Transformation of Wastewater
Other Projects
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYURETHANE
Avoiding the Coagulation Cascade
Biodegradability
Cell Adhesion
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL ORGAN
Current and Anticipated Technologies in the Treatment of Liver Disease
Surgical Approaches
Cell-based Approaches
Cell Transplantation
Tissue-engineered Implants
Extracorporeal Devices
Design of the Ideal Scafford for an Extracorporeal BAL or Implantable Artificial Organ
Strength of Materials
Pore Size and Structure
Surface to Volume Ratio
Mass Transport Through the Device
High Degree of Interconnected cells
Void Volume
Allowance for a High Flux Membrane
Shape of Colonizing Surface
Attachment of Ligands
Cell Adhesion
Current Clinical Activity in Scaffold-based Artificial Liver Development
OTHER APPLICATIONS DEFINED
Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells
Techniques for Immobilization
Immobilization of Cells
Summary of Immobilization Studies
Use of Hydrophilic Polyurethane for Controlled Release
Applications in Agriculture
Artificial Muscle Development
Conclusion
REFERENCES