Tondera / Blecken / Chazarenc Ecotechnologies for the Treatment of Variable Stormwater and Wastewater Flows

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-70013-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 134 Seiten

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology

This book provides an essential overview of ecotechnologies (also known as green infrastructure or nature-based solutions) which are considered to be relatively resilient to variations in stormwater and wastewater inflow. In particular, it focuses on various types of constructed wetlands, biofilters and ponds. Stormwater flows are inherently variable, due to rainfall events and fluctuations in loading. This variability has significant effects on the performance of treatment systems, but has rarely been specifically addressed in design manuals, performance assessments or modelling. The book's respective chapters cover the main contaminant categories of interest (nutrients, faecal microbes, metals and emerging contaminants) and their removal processes using ecotechnologies, addressing urban, industrial and agricultural applications. In addition, they review modelling tools with the potential to improve our understanding of flow variability and the ability to simulate and predict responses to it.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Tondera, Katharina

Blecken, Godecke-Tobias

Chazarenc, Florent

Tanner, Chris C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;11
3.1;Abstract;11
3.2;General Scope;12
3.3;Variation Driven by Precipitation;13
3.4;Ecotechnologies;14
3.5;References;15
4;2 Treatment Techniques for Variable Flows;17
4.1;Abstract;17
4.2;Treatment Systems;18
4.2.1;Stormwater Ponds and Basins;18
4.2.2;Constructed Wetlands;21
4.2.2.1;Surface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;22
4.2.2.2;Floating Treatment Wetlands;23
4.2.2.3;Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;27
4.2.3;Bioretention Filters;30
4.2.4;Swales and Buffer Strips;34
4.3;References;35
5;3 Nutrient Removal from Variable Stormwater Flows;41
5.1;Abstract;41
5.2;Treatment Mechanisms for Nutrient Removal;42
5.3;Concentrations of Nutrients from Stormwater, CSOs and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution;46
5.3.1;Stormwater from Separate Sewer Systems and Highway Runoff;46
5.3.2;Combined Sewer Overflows;46
5.3.3;Agricultural Diffuse Pollution;49
5.4;Treatment Systems;51
5.4.1;Stormwater Sedimentation Ponds and Basins;51
5.4.2;Constructed Wetlands;52
5.4.2.1;Surface-Flow Wetlands;52
5.4.3;Floating Treatment Wetlands;54
5.4.4;Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;55
5.4.5;Bioretention Filters;58
5.4.6;Swales and Buffer Strips;60
5.5;References;60
6;4 Microbial Loads and Removal Efficiency Under Varying Flows;66
6.1;Abstract;66
6.2;Introduction;67
6.3;Treatment Mechanisms;67
6.4;Concentrations of Pathogens from Stormwater, Combined Sewer Overflows and Agricultural Diffuse Pollution;69
6.4.1;Stormwater from Separate Sewer Systems;69
6.4.2;Combined Sewer Overflows;71
6.4.3;Agricultural Diffuse Pollution;72
6.5;Treatment Systems;74
6.5.1;Stormwater Ponds and Basins;74
6.5.2;Constructed Wetlands;75
6.5.2.1;Surface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;75
6.5.2.2;Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;77
6.5.3;Bioretention Filters;77
6.6;References;79
7;5 Metals: Occurrence, Treatment Efficiency and Accumulation Under Varying Flows;84
7.1;Abstract;84
7.2;Introduction;84
7.3;Treatment Mechanisms;85
7.4;Metals in Stormwater from Separate Sewer Systems and Combined Sewer Overflows;86
7.4.1;Seasonal Variations;86
7.4.2;Variation Between Catchments;87
7.4.3;Variations Over Time;87
7.5;Treatment Systems;89
7.5.1;Stormwater Ponds and Basins;89
7.5.2;Constructed Wetlands;91
7.5.2.1;Surface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;91
7.5.2.2;Floating Treatment Wetlands;92
7.5.2.3;Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands;92
7.5.2.4;Bioretention Filters;93
7.5.2.5;Swales and Buffer Strips;96
7.6;References;96
8;6 Emerging Contaminants: Occurrence, Treatment Efficiency and Accumulation Under Varying Flows;101
8.1;Abstract;101
8.2;Introduction;102
8.3;Concentrations of Selected Emerging Contaminants;104
8.4;Treatment Systems;108
8.4.1;Stormwater Ponds and Basins;108
8.4.2;Constructed Wetlands;109
8.4.3;Bioretention Filters;112
8.4.4;Swales and Buffer Strips;113
8.5;References;113
9;7 Modelling Under Varying Flows;118
9.1;Abstract;118
9.2;Modelling of Treatment Systems;118
9.2.1;Modelling Hydraulics of Variable-Flow Constructed Wetlands;119
9.2.2;Modelling Treatment Performance of Variable-Flow Constructed Wetlands;122
9.2.2.1;Design-Oriented Models for CSO-CWs;122
9.2.2.2;First-Order Kinetic Model;124
9.2.2.3;Process-Based Model;126
9.3;Future Perspectives;127
9.3.1;Novel Approaches for Design of Variable-Flow Constructed Wetlands;127
9.3.2;Process-Based Models as Design Tools;127
9.3.3;Limitations of the Wider Application of Models for Variable-Flow Constructed Wetlands;131
9.4;References;133