van Oosterom / Zlatanova / Fendel Geo-information for Disaster Management

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-27468-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1433 Seiten, eBook

Geo-information technology offers an opportunity to support disaster management: industrial accidents, road collisions, complex emergencies, earthquakes, fires, floods and similar catastrophes (for example the recent huge disaster with the Tsunami in South-East Asia on 26 December 2004). Access to needed information, facilitation of the interoperability of emergency services, and provision of high-quality care to the public are a number of the key requirements.Such requirements pose significant challenges for data management, discovery, translation, integration, visualization and communication based on the semantics of the heterogeneous (geo-) information sources with differences in many aspects: scale/resolution, dimension (2D or 3D), classification and attribute schemes, temporal aspects (up-to-date-ness, history, predictions of the future), spatial reference system used, etc.The book provides a broad overview of the (geo-information) technology, software, systems needed, used and to be developed for disaster management. The book provokes a wide discussion on systems and requirements for use of geo-information under time and stress constraints and unfamiliar situations, environments and circumstances.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

van Oosterom, Peter

Zlatanova, Siyka

Fendel, Elfriede

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster contributions.- Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster contributions.- Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster Contributions.- Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster Contributions.- Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster Contributions.- Plenary Contributions.- Oral Contributions.- Poster Contributions.

Leseproben

A Decision Support System for Preventive Evacuation of People (p. 230-231)

Kasper van Zuilekom1, Martin van Maarseveen1 and Marcel van der Doef2
1 University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Transport
Studies, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, the Netherlands.
Email: [e-mail],
[e-mail]
2 Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management, the Road
and Hydraulic Engineering Institute, P.O. Box 5044, 2600 GA Delft, the
Netherlands.
Email: [e-mail]

Abstract

As a densely populated country in a delta the Netherlands have to be very considered about flooding risks. Up to 65% of its surface is threatened by either sea or rivers. The Dutch government has started a research project ‘Floris’ (Flood Risk and Safety in the Netherlands) to calculate the risks of about half of the 53 dike-ring areas of The Netherlands. This project has four tracks: (1) determining the probability of flooding risks of dike-rings areas, (2) the reliability of hydraulic structures, (3) the consequences of flooding and (4) coping with uncertainties.

As part of the third track, the consequences of flooding, the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management has asked the University of Twente to develop a Decision Support System for analyzing the process of preventive evacuation of people and cattle from a dike-ring area. This Support System, named Evacuation Calculator (EC), determines the results of several kinds of traffic management in terms of evacuation progress in time and traffic load. The EC makes a distinction between four types of traffic management scenarios: (1) reference, (2) nearest exit, (3) traffic management, (4) out-flow areas. The scenarios one and two represent a situation where no traffic management or limited traffic management is present. Scenario three (traffic management) calculates an optimal traffic management (given the model assumptions). Within the fourth scenario the user has the freedom to adjust the scenarios by (re)defining out-flow areas. In this way the user has the possibility to adapt to local possibilities and restraints. The limited data need and efficient algorithms in the EC make it possible to model large-scale problems.

Targets in the EC development were twofold: (1) a safe estimate of the evacuation time and (2) to support the development of an evacuation planning. These targets are met by the development of scenarios with specific and well defined objectives. Optimization methods were developed to solve the problems and meet the objectives. The classical framework of transport planning is used as a basis, but with extensions: Trip generation: a broad range of traffic categories are defined. For each category has there own departure rate in time. Trip distribution: the core of the EC. The objectives of the scenarios are determining the distribution. The evacuation time is calculated. Traffic assignment: visualization of the traffic flows. The paper will describe the structure of the EC, its objective functions and problem solving techniques. Furthermore a case study of dike-ring Flevoland is presented.

1 Introduction

Water plays a key role in the safety of the Netherlands. Up to 65% of its area, an area in which many of the economic activities take place, is threatened by either sea or rivers. It is a condition that needs permanent attention. Moreover, the country has to cope with serious consequences of environmental changes. The climate is changing as a result of pollution and use of fossil energy. Temperatures are expected to go up, rainfall will increase in intensity and frequency, and eventually sea level will rise. At the same time the soil will sink because of gas and salt extraction. All these factors together make it more difficult to protect the Netherlands against flooding, despite dikes and hydraulic structures. In view of these problems the Dutch government has started the research project ‘Floris’ (Flood Risk and Safety in the Netherlands). This project has four tracks: (1) determining the probability of flood risks, (2) the reliability of hydraulic structures, (3) the consequences of flooding, and (4) coping with uncertainties.