Walker / Newman / Enache Fundamental QSARs for Metal Ions

Erscheinungsjahr 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4200-8434-4
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 302 Seiten

Focusing on the field of metal ion bioactivity in Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR), Fundamental QSARs for Metal Ions concentrates on the basic and essential applications of QSAR methods to predict metal ion toxicity, bioconcentration, biosorption, and binding. An excellent source book for academic, industrial, and government scientists and policy makers, it lays out the theoretical basis and provides a concrete introduction to studying the biological and chemical activities of metal ions as they impact health and the environment.

Designed for regulatory and regulated organizations that wish to use QSARs to predict the toxicity, bioconcentration, biosorption, and binding of metal ions as they now do for organic chemicals, the book:

- Provides a historical perspective and introduction to developing QSARs for metal ions

- Explains the electronic structures and atomic parameters of metals essential to understanding differences in chemical properties that influence cation toxicity, bioconcentration, biosorption, and binding

- Describes the chemical properties of metals that have been and can be used to develop QSARs for metal ions

- Illustrates the descriptors needed to develop metal ion-ligand binding QSARs

- Discusses 97 QSARs for metal ions developed from 1972 to 2003 and 183 QSARs for metal ions that were developed from 2004 to 2011

- Explains the differences between QSARs for metal ions and Biotic Ligand Models

- Lists the regulatory limits of metals and provides examples of regulatory applications

- Illustrates how to construct QSARs for metal ions

Zielgruppe

Industry and regulatory scientists, researchers who are developing models that predict the toxicity of metal ions, and graduate students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Walker, John D.

Newman, Michael C.

Enache, Monica

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Anorganische Chemie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biochemie (nichtmedizinisch)

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction
The Concept of Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs)
Metals in the Molecular Environment
Metals in and Effect on Whole Organisms

Electronic Structure of Metals and Atomic Parameters
About QSAR and the Descriptors of Chemical Structure
General Properties of Metals
Characterization of Metals According to Their Electronic Configuration

Properties of Metals and Metal Ions Related to QSAR Studies
Properties of Metals and Metal Ions as Tools in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Studies
Electrochemical Characteristics of Metals
Metal Ions in a Coordination Environment
Properties of Metal Ions Relevant to Ionic and Covalent Bonding Tendencies
Brønsted Acidity of Metal Ions
Solubility of Metal Compounds and Metal Ion Hydration

Descriptors for Organometallic Complexes
Definitions
Methods and Computer Programs
Examples of Descriptors
Examples of Descriptors Calculation for Organometallic Complexes
Appendix A 4.1: List of PRECLAV Whole Molecule Descriptors

QSARs for Predicting Cation Toxicity, Bioconcentration, Biosorption, and Binding
Introduction
Most Common Physicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Toxicity
Less Common Physicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Toxicity
Nonphysicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Toxicity
Physicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Binding
Physicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Bioconcentration
Physicochemical Properties Used to Predict Cation Biosorption

QSARs versus BLM
Introduction
BLM
QSARs versus the BLM

Regulatory Limits and Applications
Regulatory Limits
Regulatory Applications
Future Considerations

Constructing QSARs for Metal Ions
Selection and Transformations of Explanatory Variables
Selection and Adjustment of Independent Variables
Quantitative Ion Characteristic-Activity Relationship (QICAR) Models
Appendix 8.1: SAS Bacterial Bioluminescence EC50 QICAR Data Set
Appendix 8.2: SAS Bacterial Bioluminescence Binary Metal Mixture Example

Über Autor(innen)

John D. Walker has fourty-four years of professional academic, industrial and government experience in environmental toxicology and chemistry. Since 1989 he has been Director of the Toxic Substances Control Act Interagency Testing Committee (ITC), The ITC is an independent advisory committee to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Administrator with representatives from 14 U.S. Government organizations. The ITC’s statutory responsibility is to identify industrial chemicals that are likely to harm humans or the environment and recommend them for testing to develop data needed to assess their risks. Prior to being selected as the ITC’s Director John was a senior scientist with the U.S. EPA, a regulatory toxicologist with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, an environmental scientist with Lockheed Martin and a Research Associate at the University of Maryland.
John received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry and biology magna cum laude from Kent State University where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He studied microbiology at the University of Dayton where he was elected to Sigma Xi and studied aquatic toxicology at the Ohio State University’s Franz T. Stone Laboratory while earning his Ph.D. His M.P.H. is from the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health.
John is a Charter Member of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), an Emeritus Member of the American Society for Microbiology and the American Academy of Microbiology and a former Editor of SETAC’s International Journal, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. John co-authored the Laboratory Manual for Marine Microbiology and edited the book, QSARs for Pollution Prevention, Toxicity Screening, Risk Assessment and Web Applications. He has authored or co-authored 160 peer-reviewed publications and has written 140 abstracts of presentations for national and international professional society meetings. John was the first recipient of the American Fisheries Society/U.S. EPA Science Achievement Award in Biology/Ecology and has been awarded 5 U.S. EPA Bronze medals. He was awarded the U.S. EPA’s Unsung Hero
Award for his work with Special Olympics. John is married with four children and two grandchildren.
Michael C. Newman is currently the A. Marshall Acuff Jr. Professor of Marine Science at the College of William and Mary’s Virginia Institute of Marine Science, where he also served as Dean of Graduate Studies for the School of Marine Sciences from 1999 to 2002. Previously, he was a faculty member at the University of Georgia’s Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. His research interests include quantitative ecotoxicology, environmental statistics, risk assessment, population effects of contaminants, metal chemistry and effects, and bioaccumulation and biomagnifications modeling. In addition to more than 125 articles, he has authored five books and edited another six on these topics. The English edition and Mandarin and Turkish translations of Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology have been adopted widely as the textbook for introductory Ecotoxicology courses.

He has taught at universities throughout the world, including the College of William and Mary, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, University of Georgia, University of South Carolina, Jagiellonian University (Poland), University of Antwerp (Belgium), University of Hong Kong, University of Joensuu (Finland), University of KoblenzLandau (Germany), University of Technology, Sydney (Australia), Royal Holloway University of London (UK), Central China Normal University, and Xiamen University (China). He has served numerous international, national, and regional organizations, including the OECD, U.S. EPA Science Advisory Board, Hong Kong Areas of Excellence Committee, and the U.S. National Academy of Science NRC. In 2004, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry awarded him its Founders Award, "the highest SETAC award, given to a person with an outstanding career who has made a clearly identifiable contribution in the environmental sciences."
Monica Enache has thirteen years of professional academic experience in Biology. Since 1999 she has been working at the Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania. Prior to joining the faculty she has carried out her PhD degree in Liverpool John Moores University (UK), and received her Bachelor of Science degree from the Faculty of Biology of the University of Bucharest (Romania). She is currently a member of the National Society of Cell Biology in Romania, and has authored or co-authored then publications and fourteen abstracts for presentations at national or international scientific meetings.