Weber Antimicrobial Resistance

Beyond the Breakpoint.
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-8055-9324-3
Verlag: S. Karger
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 6, 184 Seiten

Reihe: Issues in Infectious Diseases

Preventing, controlling and treating drug-resistant infections is one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Antimicrobial Resistance goes beyond simple definitions and microbiological data to fully explore this rapidly changing area, describing evidence for effective interventions, costs, treatment strategies and directions for future research.Each chapter provides essential background and examines the evidence for an important aspect of prevention and control, treatment strategy or policy decision. Prevention and control strategies are analyzed for inappropriate antimicrobial use, fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms, health-care associated infections and parasitic diseases. Furthermore, treatment strategies for changing resistance patterns are explored for community-acquired pneumonia during an influenza pandemic and infections with community-associated MRSA, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms and fungi. Data for policy making are presented in articles that detail the costs of antimicrobial-resistant infections in healthcare settings and the threat of resistance with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy for large populations in the developing world. These reviews show where interventions, surveillance and research will be most useful in the future. Antimicrobial Resistance is an invaluable contribution for infectious disease physicians and public health officials who are interested in the prevention of antimicrobial-resistant infections.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Weber, J.T.

Weitere Mitwirkende

Mahy, B.W.J.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Krankenpflege
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Präventivmedizin, Gesundheitsförderung, Medizinisches Screening
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Public Health, Gesundheitsmanagement, Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Infektionskrankheiten
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Medizinische Parasitologie
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizinische Fachgebiete Medizinische Mikrobiologie & Virologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;6
3;Foreword;8
4;Preface;9
5;Community-Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus;12
5.1;Abstract;12
5.2;S. aureus, MRSA and Community-Associated Infections: Background;12
5.3;Rapid Increase in CA-MRSA Incidence;14
5.4;Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations and Transmission;14
5.5;Differences between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA;16
5.6;Molecular Epidemiology of CA-MRSA;16
5.7;Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette-Type Element;17
5.8;Pathogenesis of CA-MRSA Infecti;17
5.9;Virulence Factors;20
5.10;Diagnosis;20
5.11;Treatment;21
5.12;Prevention;25
5.13;References;26
6;Infections with Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase;32
6.1;Abstract;32
6.2;Introduction;32
6.3;Host Range and Prevalence of ESBLs;33
6.4;Risk Factors for Colonization and Infection with Hospital-Acquired ESBL Producers;35
6.5;Risk Factors for Colonization and Infection with Health Care-Associated ESBL Producers;35
6.6;Infection Control and ESBL-Producing Organisms;36
6.7;Laboratory Detection of ESBL Production by Gram-Negative Bacilli;38
6.8;Treatment of Infection with ESBL-Producing Organisms;39
6.9;Conclusions;40
6.10;References;41
7;Fluoroquinolone Resistance: Challenges for Disease Control;46
7.1;Abstract;46
7.2;Mechanisms of Resistance;48
7.3;Detection of Resistance in the Clinical Laboratory;48
7.4;Prevalence of Resistance in Selected Pathogens;49
7.5;Therapeutic and Public Health Implications of Resistance;52
7.6;Drivers of Resistance;54
7.7;Conclusion;57
7.8;References;57
8;Antibiotic Resistance and Community-Acquired Pneumonia during an Influenza Pandemic;62
8.1;Abstract;62
8.2;Epidemiology of Bacterial Community-Acquired Pneumonia During Inter-Pandemic Periods in the United States;62
8.3;Biological Mechanisms for Interactions Between Influenza and Bacterial CAP;64
8.4;Epidemiologic Evidence That Influenza Increases the Risk of Bacterial CAP;65
8.5;Relationship Between Past and Future Pandemics;71
8.6;Strategies for Reducing Secondary Pneumonia Caused by Resistant Bacteria during a Pandemic;73
8.7;Future Directions;75
8.8;Acknowledgments;75
8.9;References;75
9;Promoting Appropriate Antimicrobial Drug Use in the Outpatient Setting: What Works?;81
9.1;Abstract;81
9.2;Trends in Outpatient Antimicrobial Utilization;83
9.3;Interventions to Improve Outpatient Antimicrobial Use;84
9.4;Clinical Decision Support to Improve Antimicrobial Prescribing;89
9.5;Health Plan Performance Measures to Promote Improved Prescribing;90
9.6;AHRQ Analysis of Quality Improvement Strategies for Antimicrobial Prescribing;91
9.7;Doctor-Patient Communication and Its Influence on Antimicrobial Prescribing;93
9.8;Future Directions;96
9.9;References;97
10;Reducing Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections in Health Care Settings: What Works?;100
10.1;Abstract;100
10.2;Overview;100
10.3;Antibiotic Control;101
10.4;Infection-Control Practices;103
10.5;Isolation Precautions;107
10.6;Prevention of Infection to Prevent Resistance;109
10.7;Future Approaches;110
10.8;References;111
11;Cost of Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings: A Critical Review;113
11.1;Abstract;113
11.2;Global Estimates of Cost;114
11.3;Perspective;114
11.4;Literature Review;114
11.5;Methodological Issues;123
11.6;Cost of Prevention;126
11.7;Future Directions;128
11.8;References;129
12;Mass Treatment of Parasitic Disease: Implications for the Development and Spread of Anthelmintic Resistance;131
12.1;Abstract;131
12.2;Mass Treatment of Parasitic Disease;133
12.3;Summary of Main Mechanisms of Action in Anthelmintics;136
12.4;Summary of Main Mechanisms of Resistance;137
12.5;Molecular and Parasitological Evidence Suggesting the Development of Resistance in Filarial Parasites;138
12.6;Factors Influencing the Spread of Anthelminthic Resistance;139
12.7;Use of Mathematical Models;141
12.8;Hookworm: Does Resistance Already Exist?;144
12.9;Conclusions;145
12.10;References;146
13;Antifungal Drug Resistance: Clinical Importance, in vitro Detection and Implications for Prophylaxis and Treatment;149
13.1;Abstract;149
13.2;Invasive Fungal Infections;149
13.3;Antifungal Drugs in Clinical Use;151
13.4;Microbiological Resistance versus Clinical Resistance;154
13.5;Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections;157
13.6;References;159
14;Preparing for HIV Drug Resistance in the Developing World;165
14.1;Abstract;165
14.2;HIV Drug Resistance and Antiretroviral Treatment Scale-Up in Resource-Limited Countries;165
14.3;HIV Drug Resistance Associated with Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission;172
14.4;Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance;173
14.5;Summary;175
14.6;References;176
15;Author Index;182
16;Subject Index;183