E-Book, Englisch, 99 Seiten
Winograd / Sher Binge Drinking and Alcohol Misuse Among College Students and Young Adults
1., 2015
ISBN: 978-1-61676-403-6
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, 99 Seiten
Reihe: Advances in Psychotherapy - Evidence-Based Practice
ISBN: 978-1-61676-403-6
Verlag: Hogrefe Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
This book provides clear guidance about effective, evidence-based approaches to treating alcohol misuse in young adults.
Heavy drinking – and its associated problems – are an integral part of many college students’ and other young adults’ lives. Though some young drinkers are able to consume alcohol without incident, many face significant negative fallout from their excessive consumption.
This volume in the series Advances in Psychotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice describes the nature of alcohol misuse, its epidemiology, its causes, and methods for treatment, specifically as they pertain to college students and other young adults. It provides practitioners and trainees with a range of evidence-based treatment approaches to help clients change their alcohol use habits. The information presented is both thorough and concise and will help readers with varied backgrounds and experience improve their understanding of the many nuanced factors involved in assessing and treating problematic drinking in young adults.
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Binge Drinking and Alcohol Misuse;1
1.1;Table of Contents;6
2;1 Description of Young-Adult Alcohol Misuse;8
3;2 Theories and Models of Alcohol Misuse;29
4;3 Assessment and Treatment Indications;35
5;4 Treatment;48
6;5 Further Reading;84
7;6 References;85
8;7 Appendix: Tools and Resources;93
2 Theories and Models of Alcohol Misuse (p. 22-23)
There are a number of models of alcohol misuse reflecting the large range of contributing factors to problem drinking. Although these can be defined in a number of ways, they can be broadly conceived as reflecting pharmacological vulnerability to the drug ethanol, behavioral undercontrol (or externalizing behavior), and affect regulation. It should be noted that these general classes of models are not necessarily in competition – rather, they account for different sources of influences on drinking and relate to different aspects of drinking motivation. In a given case, multiple models may be relevant because risk factors for these different models and underlying processes are conceptually distinct but related. Moreover, each of these broad classes of models is composed of different submodels.
Although we will use the above framework for highlighting different theories and models of drinking behavior, it should be noted that such a framework encompasses so-called dual-process models, which have gained currency in recent years, especially with respect to alcohol misuse. There are many dualprocess models that are fundamentally similar in the sense that all posit that alcohol misuse reflects an imbalance between two opposing “processes” associated with approach tendencies to drink and restraining tendencies that can inhibit approach, an “impulsive system” related to the seeking of immediate rewards and a reflective system concerned with longer term rewards and values (e.g., Bechara, 2005). Within these models, the impulsive system is likely to be automatic and, at least in part, outside of conscious awareness. This is in contrast to other models that basically view alcohol (and other substance) use as a primarily rational process (e.g., Kuther, 2002). It should be noted, however, that these kinds of prototypic distinctions are somewhat crude generalizations in that highly practiced “reflective” behaviors can become automatized, and individuals are sometimes aware of their own impulsive processes. Regardless, the notion that alcohol misuse represents an imbalance between restraining tendencies and approach tendencies is a very useful one both for organizing the research literature and for providing a conceptual framework for clinicians to consider multiple avenues for interventions with drinkers (e.g., targeting approach processes vs. targeting restraint processes).
However, before considering models of alcohol misuse, it is useful to briefly review the stated reasons for drinking that drinkers provide. Although dual-process models suggest that drinkers may not be fully aware of their reasons for dinking, to the extent that there is a conscious aspect to drinking, and/ or drinkers can infer their own motives, this research is informative. The bestestablished framework for understanding self-reported drinking motives is the one proposed by Lynne Cooper (1994) in a study of adolescent and adult drinkers. Cooper found that the assessment of the factor structure of stated reasons for drinking yields a reliable multidimensional, four-factor structure: (1) social motives (e.g., “to be sociable”), (2) enhancement motives (e.g., “to get high,” “because it’s fun”), (3) coping motives (e.g., “to forget your worries,” “because it helps when you feel depressed or nervous”), and (4) conformity motives (e.g., “to fit in”) – see Table 4. Notably, enhancement and coping motives (but not social or conformity motives) are strongly associated with drinking, heavy drinking, and drinking problems in both adolescence and adulthood, which points to somewhat specific motivational pathways arising from individual differences that relate to the affect regulation pathways described next. However, there is some debate in the literature as to whether we can effectively divide drinkers into distinct groups of those who drink for either (1) enhancement motives or (2) coping motives, or whether these motivational domains are better viewed as continuous and multivariate, with most drinkers being versatile in their motivation (Littlefield, Vergés, Rosinski, Steinley, & Sher, 2013).
