Worthington Principles of Akkadian Textual Criticism
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-61451-056-7
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, 375 Seiten
Reihe: ISSN
ISBN: 978-1-61451-056-7
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Zielgruppe
Editors and grammatical analysts of Akkadian writings, students of Akkadian literature and scholarship, and also those with a wider interest in the scribal world of ancient Mesopotamia.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Abbreviations;19
2;1 Introduction;25
2.1;1.1 Notes on nomenclature and conventions;28
2.2;1.2 The transmission of Akkadian scholarship and literature;29
2.2.1;1.2.1 Transmission through copying;30
2.2.2;1.2.2 Transmission through dictation;31
2.2.3;1.2.3 Transmission through learning by heart;37
2.2.4;1.2.4 Differences in transmission between the second and first millennia?;39
2.2.5;1.2.5 Manners of transmission : summary;40
2.3;1.3 Transmission as a source of textual change;40
2.4;1.4 Attitudes to transmission;44
2.4.1;1.4.1 Ancient notions of fidelity;44
2.4.2;1.4.2 Non-restoration;46
2.4.3;1.4.3 Restoration;47
2.4.4;1.4.4 The use of multiple exemplars;48
2.4.5;1.4.5 Annotations by transmitters;49
2.4.5.1;1.4.5.1 hepi ‘it is broken’ and similar;49
2.4.5.2;1.4.5.2 Other annotations;51
2.4.6;1.4.6 How did transmitters deal with (perceived) obscurities?;51
2.4.7;1.4.7 Summary;52
2.5;1.5 The problem of apprentices;52
2.6;1.6 Attitudes to manuscripts among Akkadianists;56
2.7;1.7 Potential rewards deriving from the study of textual change;62
3;2 Some issues of method;65
3.1;2.1 Problems pertaining to authors and Urtexts;65
3.2;2.2 Problems in dealing with errors;68
3.2.1;2.2.1 Oddities of various kinds, and problems in identifying them;69
3.2.1.1;2.2.1.1 Oddities of grammar and orthography;69
3.2.1.2;2.2.1.2 Oddities of style;70
3.2.1.3;2.2.1.3 Oddities of sense;71
3.2.1.3.1;2.2.1.3.1 A two-line incongruity: Gilgameš I 298-299;76
3.2.2;2.2.2 Linguistic and orthographic oddities, and problems in explaining them;78
3.2.2.1;2.2.2.1 Orthographic conventions and the problem of normativity;79
3.2.2.2;2.2.2.2 Error or phonetic spelling?;82
3.2.2.3;2.2.2.3 Ignorance or inadvertence?;84
3.2.3;2.2.3 Problems in dealing with oddities: summary;87
3.3;2.3 Problems with establishing how extant manuscripts were understood by their writers;88
3.3.1;2.3.1 The ‘courier effect’;88
3.3.2;2.3.2 Variability and the ‘chameleon effect’;89
3.3.3;2.3.3 The caveat of somnolence;92
3.4;2.4 Evidence for relations between manuscripts;94
3.4.1;2.4.1 Judging whether anomalies are diagnostically significant;96
3.4.2;2.4.2 The problem of orthographic ‘convergence’;99
3.4.3;2.4.3 Examples of relations at the same scribal centre;100
3.4.4;2.4.4 Examples of relations between different scribal centres;102
3.4.5;2.4.5 Stemmata;104
3.5;2.5 On the role of quantification in the study of a corpus language;106
4;3 Mechanisms of textual change;112
4.1;3.1 The importance of a typology of scribal errors;112
4.2;3.2 A typology of Akkadian scribal errors;114
4.2.1;3.2.1 Errors of sign similarity;116
4.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Errors of sign identification;117
4.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Lapsus styli and errors of tactile memory;119
4.2.2;3.2.2 Errors of sign interpretation;120
4.2.3;3.2.3 Errors of phonetic similarity;122
4.2.4;3.2.4 Saut du même au même;127
4.2.5;3.2.5 Aberratio oculi;128
4.2.6;3.2.6 Lipography;128
4.2.7;3.2.7 Haplography;129
4.2.8;3.2.8 Dittography;130
4.2.9;3.2.9 Incomplete signs;130
4.2.10;3.2.10 Polar errors;131
4.2.11;3.2.11 Errors of gender polarity;133
4.2.12;3.2.12 Errors of attraction;133
4.2.13;3.2.13 Errors of syllable inversion;135
4.2.14;3.2.14 Synonymous substitutions;136
4.2.15;3.2.15 Misremembering of words learned by heart;136
4.2.16;3.2.16 Errors of sign metathesis;136
4.2.17;3.2.17 Assyrianisms;137
4.2.18;3.2.18 Errors of ‘cut and paste’ and interpolation;137
4.2.18.1;3.2.18.1 Spellings as evidence for different entries’ separate origins?;138
4.2.19;3.2.19 Hypercorrection;139
4.2.20;3.2.20 Other errors;140
4.3;3.3 Transmitters misunderstanding their exemplars;140
4.3.1;3.3.1 Examples of misunderstanding in medicine;142
4.3.2;3.3.2 Examples of misunderstanding in literature;143
4.3.3;3.3.3 Examples of misunderstanding in Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions;145
4.3.4;3.3.4 How well did transmitters know the compositions?;149
4.4;3.4 Transmitters making conscious changes;151
4.4.1;3.4.1 Sennacherib Rassam, MSS A and FF;152
4.4.2;3.4.2 Assurbanipal B/D VIII;156
4.4.3;3.4.3 Šalmaneser III 44 (and 45);157
4.4.4;3.4.4 Two manuscripts of the Diagnostic Handbook XVII;159
4.4.5;3.4.5 Glosses?;162
4.4.6;3.4.6 Correction of (supposed) errors ?;164
4.4.6.1;3.4.6.1 Examples of correction;164
4.4.6.2;3.4.6.1.1 Hypercorrections on Assurbanipal MS A21;166
4.4.6.3;3.4.6.2 An example of non-correction;168
4.5;3.5 The effects of ‘cut and paste’ redaction;170
4.5.1;3.5.1 Adad-nerari II’s kisirtu;170
4.5.2;3.5.2 Sennacherib’s ‘Walters’ inscription;171
4.5.3;3.5.3 Assurnas.irpal II 17;173
4.5.4;3.5.4 Assurnas.irpal II 19;174
4.5.5;3.5.5 Gilgameš X 151, idni;175
4.5.6;3.5.6 eli mahrê and eli ša mahri ‘than the previous one’;175
4.5.7;3.5.7 Spelling patterns in a compendium of oracle questions;176
4.6;3.6 Errors of sign similarity by stonemasons;178
4.6.1;3.6.1 Some simple examples of stonemasons’ errors;179
4.6.2;3.6.2 Two cruces;180
4.6.3;3.6.3 How were stone inscriptions produced?;182
4.7;3.7 Assyrians transmitting Babylonian;184
4.8;3.8 Conclusions;186
5;4 Some patterns in orthography-phonology-morphology;188
5.1;4.1 Introduction;188
5.2;4.2 Issues of orthographic consistency and convention;191
5.3;4.3 ‘Soft’ auto-corrections;192
5.4;4.4 Sounds and spellings at word boundaries;198
5.4.1;4.4.1 ‘Split’ sandhi spellings;201
5.4.2;4.4.2 ‘Enriched’ sandhi spellings;202
5.4.3;4.4.3 ‘Truncated’ spellings;205
5.4.4;4.4.4 Spellings involving the conjunction u;207
5.4.5;4.4.5 Sandhi spellings across determinatives;209
5.4.6;4.4.6 Sandhi spellings mingling with sumerograms;210
5.4.7;4.4.7 A ‘trap’;212
5.4.8;4.4.8 Glides between i-Auslaut and vocalic Anlaut;213
5.4.9;4.4.9 Summary;214
5.5;4.5 The ‘honorific nominative’;214
5.5.1;4.5.1 Old Babylonian examples;217
5.5.2;4.5.2 Clear examples in Assyrian royal inscriptions;217
5.5.2.1;4.5.2.1 Assurnas.irpal II 26;217
5.5.2.2;4.5.2.2 Adad-nerari III 1 and 2;218
5.5.2.3;4.5.2.3 Sargon;219
5.5.2.4;4.5.2.4 Esarhaddon;219
5.5.2.5;4.5.2.5 Assurbanipal;219
5.5.3;4.5.3 Likely examples in the Assyrian royal inscriptions;220
5.5.4;4.5.4 Other examples from the first millennium;221
5.5.4.1;4.5.4.1 Neo-Assyrian;221
5.5.4.2;4.5.4.2 Standard Babylonian;221
5.5.5;4.5.5 Further discussion;221
5.6;4.6 The destabilisation of case concord;222
5.7;4.7 Analyses of case markers on individual manuscripts;224
5.7.1;4.7.1 Gilgameš I MS B;225
5.7.1.1;4.7.1.1 Enkidu as an axe of meteoric iron;228
5.7.2;4.7.2 Gilgameš VI MS a;233
5.7.3;4.7.3 TCL III+;239
5.8;4.8 The distribution of pairs of interchangeable signs;240
5.8.1;4.8.1 Orthographic flourishes: man vs lugal;241
5.8.2;4.8.2 Consistent use of šá;242
5.8.3;4.8.3 Consistent use of šu1;244
5.9;4.9 Orthography as evidence for pseudepigraphy;244
5.10;4.10 Plene spellings in feminine plurals;246
5.10.1;4.10.1 Some evidence from Assyrian manuscripts;247
5.10.1.1;4.10.1.1 TP I 1, MSS 1-5;247
5.10.1.2;4.10.1.2 Sargon’s 8th Campaign (TCL III+);249
5.10.1.3;4.10.1.3 Asb Prism A, MS A1;250
5.10.1.4;4.10.1.4 Gilgameš VI MS a;252
5.10.2;4.10.2 Glimmers of the situation in Babylonian;253
5.10.3;4.10.3 Phonological interpretation;256
5.10.4;4.10.4 What about -ut-?;258
5.11;4.11 Spellings of verb-final contracted vowels before -ma;259
5.12;4.12 Conclusions;263
6;5 How easily were scholarship and literature sight-read in the first millennium?;265
6.1;5.1 Previous statements;268
6.2;5.2 Differences between ancient and modern reading;272
6.2.1;5.2.1 Issues of exposure and familiarity;272
6.2.2;5.2.2 The relevance of unfamiliar manuscripts;275
6.2.2.1;5.2.2.1 Allochthonous exemplars at Nineveh;278
6.2.3;5.2.3 Issues of textual typology;279
6.3;5.3 Potential obstacles to smooth sight-reading;281
6.3.1;5.3.1 Excursus on spacing and punctuation;285
6.4;5.4 Spellings calculated to assist readers in decipherment;288
6.4.1;5.4.1 Double consonants as aids to parsing;289
6.4.2;5.4.2 Plene spellings as aids to reading;289
6.4.2.1;5.4.2.1 Augmentative plene spellings;290
6.4.2.2;5.4.2.2 Disambiguatory plene spellings;290
6.4.3;5.4.3 Splitting the syllable šam as an aid to reading;293
6.4.3.1;5.4.4 ša1 vs šá;293
6.4.3.2;5.4.4.1 always šá, except ša1 for disambiguation;294
6.4.3.3;5.4.4.2 ša1 for the word, šá for the syllable;295
6.4.3.4;5.4.4.3 šá for the word, ša1 for the syllable;301
6.4.3.5;5.4.4.4 šá for the syllable, the word written with both signs;303
6.4.4;5.4.5 -tum as a marker of singular word ends;304
6.4.5;5.4.6 -tu as a marker of nom./acc. singular;306
6.4.6;5.4.7 The use of meš to mark sumerograms;308
6.4.7;5.4.8 The use of -TIM to mark sumerograms;311
6.5;5.5 Recapitulation on ancient misreadings in § 3.3;311
6.6;5.6 Towards a model of ancient sight-reading;312
7;6 Some issues of edition and interpretation;316
7.1;6.1 Choosing between variants;316
7.1.1;6.1.1 Codex optimus;317
7.1.2;6.1.2 Eliminatio codicum descriptorum;318
7.1.3;6.1.3 The ‘majority text’;319
7.1.4;6.1.4 Treacherous duplicates;321
7.2;6.2 Formulating conjectures;322
7.2.1;6.2.1 The fallibility of manuscripts;323
7.2.2;6.2.2 The conjectural aspect;323
7.2.3;6.2.3 Lectio difficilior potior?;325
7.2.4;6.2.4 Enkidu as a powerful king;327
7.2.5;6.2.5 Ea, the wall and Uta-napišti : who talks to who?;329
8;7 Summary;333
9;8 References;334
10;Alphabetical index (selective);359
11;Index locorum;371
