Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices

2. Revised Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-118-75200-5
Verlag: Wiley

Buch, Englisch, 592 Seiten, Format (B × H): 175 mm x 250 mm, Gewicht: 1186 g

Reihe: Wiley Series in Display Technology

Liquid Crystal Devices are crucial and ubiquitous components of an ever-increasing number of technologies. They are used in everything from cellular phones, eBook readers, GPS devices, computer monitors and automotive displays to projectors and TVs, to name but a few. This second edition continues to serve as an introductory guide to the fundamental properties of liquid crystals and their technical application, while explicating the recent advancements within LCD technology. This edition includes important new chapters on blue-phase display technology, advancements in LCD research significantly contributed to by the authors themselves.

This title is of particular interest to engineers and researchers involved in display technology and graduate students involved in display technology research.
- Key features:

Updated throughout to reflect the latest technical state-of-the-art in LCD research and development, including new chapters and material on topics such as the properties of blue-phase liquid crystal displays and 3D liquid crystal displays;
- Explains the link between the fundamental scientific principles behind liquid crystal technology and their application to photonic devices and displays, providing a thorough understanding of the physics, optics, electro-optics and material aspects of Liquid Crystal Devices;
- Revised material reflecting developments in LCD technology, including updates on optical modelling methods, transmissive LCDs and tunable liquid crystal photonic devices;
- Chapters conclude with detailed homework problems to further cement an understanding of the topic.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Yang, Deng-Ke

Wu, Shin-Tson

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Technische Optik, Lasertechnologie
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Elektronische Baugruppen, Elektronische Materialien

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Series Editor’s Foreword xiii

Preface to the First Edition xv

Preface to the Second Edition xvii

1 Liquid Crystal Physics 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics 5

1.2.1 Thermodynamic laws 5

1.2.2 Boltzmann distribution 6

1.2.3 Thermodynamic quantities 7

1.2.4 Criteria for thermodynamical equilibrium 9

1.3 Orientational Order 10

1.3.1 Orientational order parameter 11

1.3.2 Landau–de Gennes theory of orientational order in nematic phase 13

1.3.3 Maier–Saupe theory 18

1.4 Elastic Properties of Liquid Crystals 21

1.4.1 Elastic properties of nematic liquid crystals 21

1.4.2 Elastic properties of cholesteric liquid crystals 24

1.4.3 Elastic properties of smectic liquid crystals 26

1.5 Response of Liquid Crystals to Electromagnetic Fields 27

1.5.1 Magnetic susceptibility 27

1.5.2 Dielectric permittivity and refractive index 29

1.6 Anchoring Effects of Nematic Liquid Crystal at Surfaces 38

1.6.1 Anchoring energy 38

1.6.2 Alignment layers 39

1.7 Liquid crystal director elastic deformation 40

1.7.1 Elastic deformation and disclination 40

1.7.2 Escape of liquid crystal director in disclinations 42

Homework Problems 48

References 49

2 Propagation of Light in Anisotropic Optical Media 51

2.1 Electromagnetic Wave 51

2.2 Polarization 54

2.2.1 Monochromatic plane waves and their polarization states 54

2.2.2 Linear polarization state 55

2.2.3 Circular polarization states 55

2.2.4 Elliptical polarization state 56

2.3 Propagation of Light in Uniform Anisotropic Optical Media 59

2.3.1 Eigenmodes 60

2.3.2 Orthogonality of eigenmodes 65

2.3.3 Energy flux 66

2.3.4 Special cases 67

2.3.5 Polarizers 69

2.4 Propagation of Light in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 72

2.4.1 Eigenmodes 72

2.4.2 Reflection of cholesteric liquid crystals 81

2.4.3 Lasing in cholesteric liquid crystals 84

Homework Problems 85

References 86

3 Optical Modeling Methods 87

3.1 Jones Matrix Method 87

3.1.1 Jones vector 87

3.1.2 Jones matrix 88

3.1.3 Jones matrix of non-uniform birefringent film 91

3.1.4 Optical properties of twisted nematic 92

3.2 Mueller Matrix Method 98

3.2.1 Partially polarized and unpolarized light 98

3.2.2 Measurement of the Stokes parameters 100

3.2.3 The Mueller matrix 102

3.2.4 Poincaré sphere 104

3.2.5 Evolution of the polarization states on the Poincaré sphere 106

3.2.6 Mueller matrix of twisted nematic liquid crystals 110

3.2.7 Mueller matrix of non-uniform birefringence film 112

3.3 Berreman 4 × 4 Method 113

Homework Problems 124

References 125

4 Effects of Electric Field on Liquid Crystals 127

4.1 Dielectric Interaction 127

4.1.1 Reorientation under dielectric interaction 128

4.1.2 Field-induced orientational order 129

4.2 Flexoelectric Effect 132

4.2.1 Flexoelectric effect in nematic liquid crystals 132

4.2.2 Flexoelectric effect in cholesteric liquid crystals 136

4.3 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal 138

4.3.1 Symmetry and polarization 138

4.3.2 Tilt angle and polarization 140

4.3.3 Surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals 141

4.3.4 Electroclinic effect in chiral smectic liquid crystal 144

Homework Problems 146

References 147

5 Fréedericksz Transition 149

5.1 Calculus of Variation 149

5.1.1 One dimension and one variable 150

5.1.2 One dimension and multiple variables 153

5.1.3 Three dimensions 153

5.2 Fréedericksz Transition: Statics 153

5.2.1 Splay geometry 154

5.2.2 Bend geometry 158

5.2.3 Twist geometry 160

5.2.4 Twisted nematic cell 161

5.2.5 Splay geometry with weak

Über Autor(innen)

Deng-Ke Yang Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, USA
Shin-Tson Wu College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, USA