Ballantyne Perspectives in Basic and Applied Toxicology

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9353-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 406 Seiten, Web PDF

Perspectives in Basic and Applied Toxicology features a collection of essays on various aspects of toxicology. It aims to relate fundamental knowledge of toxicology to its application in assessing relevance of that information to the causation of adverse health effects, predicting hazardous situations, defining protective and precautionary measures, and the recognition and management of intoxication in humans. Another objective of this volume is to encourage those with responsibility for the training of toxicologists to instill a greater concern about ethical and moral issues as fundamental to the practice of toxicology as a profession with wide-ranging social implications. This book is organized into 14 chapters. The coverage of these chapters include assessment of chemical hazards in the workplace, the relation between animal studies and epidemiology in the context of industrial toxicology, carcinogenicity testing in animals, and biochemical evaluation of neurotoxicity. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate toxicologists, pharmacologists, physicians, industrial hygienists, and other health professionals.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ballantyne, Bryan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Perspectives in Basic and Applied Toxicology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;12
5;Preface;6
6;Contributors;10
7;CHAPTER 1. BIOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF NEUROTOXICITY;14
7.1;INTRODUCTION;14
7.2;BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS;15
7.3;METABOLIC PROCESSES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM;23
7.4;BIOCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES;28
7.5;SUMMARY;34
7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;35
7.7;REFERENCES;35
8;CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL EXCITANTS OF CUTANEOUS PAIN ;44
8.1;INTRODUCTION;44
8.2;CHEMICAL IRRITANTS AND INFLAMMATION;46
8.3;CHEMICAL IRRITANTS AND SOMATOSENSORY RECEPTORS;47
8.4;REFERENCES;53
9;CHAPTER 3. OTOTOXICITY: MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES;55
9.1;THE DRUGS INVOLVED;55
9.2;MICROANATOMY OF THE INNER EAR;56
9.3;METHODS OF STUDY;58
9.4;EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES;60
9.5;CLINICAL STUDIES;70
9.6;CONCLUSION;78
9.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;79
9.8;REFERENCES;79
10;CHAPTER 4. XENOBIOTIC-LNDUCED RHABDOMYOLYSIS;83
10.1;INTRODUCTION;83
10.2;GENERAL FEATURES OF RHABDOMYOLYSIS;84
10.3;RHABDOMYOLYSIS ASSOCIATED WITH XENOBIOTICS;105
10.4;THERAPEUTIC SUBSTANCES;107
10.5;COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS;139
10.6;INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS;143
10.7;SUMMARY;150
10.8;REFERENCES;153
11;CHAPTER 5. DRUG-INDUCED OESOPHAGITIS;167
11.1;REFERENCES;172
12;CHAPTER 6. REVIEW OF RECENT ADVANCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE MICRONUCLEUS TEST SYSTEM;174
12.1;INTRODUCTION;174
12.2;BACKGROUND AND PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD;175
12.3;FACTORS AFFECTING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE TEST SYSTEM;178
12.4;DETERMINATION OF MICRONUCLEI IN CIRCULATING ERYTHROCYTES;191
12.5;TRANSPLACENTAL MICRONUCLEUS TEST;194
12.6;APPLICATION TO HUMAN MONITORING;199
12.7;APPLICATION OF THE MICRONUCLEUS TEST TO SCREENING POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS;201
12.8;MONITORING CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE IN GERM CELLS;202
12.9;APPLICATION TO BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY;204
12.10;SUMMARY;206
12.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;206
12.12;REFERENCES;206
13;CHAPTER 7. CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF DOMINANT LETHAL MUTATIONS IN MAMMALS;212
13.1;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;213
13.2;EXPERIMENTAL METHODS;213
13.3;USE OF THE DOMINANT LETHAL ASSAY;215
13.4;MODE OF ACTION;216
13.5;CHEMICAL EXAMPLE;216
13.6;REFERENCES;217
14;CHAPTER 8. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY IN TOXICOLOGIC RESEARCH AND TESTING;219
14.1;INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND;219
14.2;GOVERNMENTAL TEST RULES AND GUIDELINES;225
14.3;INTERACTIONS AND IMPLICATIONS;234
14.4;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;248
14.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;249
14.6;REFERENCES;250
15;CHAPTER 9. THE ROLE OF GENETIC DIFFERENCES AS A DETERMINANT IN XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY;255
15.1;THE COMPLEXITY OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY;255
15.2;GENETICS;258
15.3;CONCLUDING REMARKS;266
15.4;REFERENCES;266
16;CHAPTER 10. A SURVEY OF IN VITRO TERATOLOGY TESTS;269
16.1;INTRODUCTION;269
16.2;LIMITATIONS OF SHORT-TERM IN VITRO ASSAYS;271
16.3;ADVANTAGES OF IN VITRO TESTING;271
16.4;MAMMALIAN EMBRYO;271
16.5;INVERTEBRATE EMBRYOS;273
16.6;AQUATIC EMBRYOS;275
16.7;AVIAN EMBRYO;275
16.8;SUMMARY;278
16.9;REFERENCES;278
17;CHAPTER 11. CARCINOGENICITY TESTS IN ANIMALS: SOME PITFALLS THAT COULD BE AVOIDED;281
17.1;INTRODUCTION;281
17.2;EVALUATION OF RESULTS;282
17.3;DIET;283
17.4;VIRUSES;286
17.5;GENETIC FACTORS;287
17.6;HORMONES;288
17.7;THE ROLE OF TISSUE DAMAGE AND HYPERPLASIA IN THE PRODUCTION OF TUMOURS;290
17.8;CONCLUSION;293
17.9;REFERENCES;294
18;CHAPTER 12. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF ANTIDOTAL PROCEDURES;298
18.1;ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE TOXICANT;298
18.2;CHOICE OF ANIMAL MODEL;300
18.3;TYPE OF THERAPY AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH;304
18.4;THE ASSESSMENT OF EFFICACY OF ANTIDOTES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS;308
18.5;CONCLUSION;316
18.6;REFERENCES;316
19;CHAPTER 13. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ANIMAL STUDIES IN INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY;322
19.1;EARLY INDUSTRIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES;323
19.2;THE ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER AND ITS INTERACTION WITH EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY;324
19.3;SUMMARY;336
19.4;REFERENCES;336
20;CHAPTER 14. PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT AND COMMUNICATION OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE;343
20.1;SCOPE;343
20.2;TERMINOLOGY;347
20.3;CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND CONDUCT OF TOXICOLOGY STUDIES;348
20.4;APPLICATION OF TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION TO HAZARD EVALUATION;351
20.5;PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE STANDARDS;373
20.6;SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS;382
20.7;REFERENCES;387
21;INDEX;392