Esplugues Mota / Iglesias Buhigues / Palao Moreno Application of Foreign Law

n.a.
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-86653-912-9
Verlag: Otto Schmidt
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 443 Seiten, Format (B × H): 165 mm x 245 mm

During the last decade Europe has undertaken an active and broad process of harmonisation of choice-of-law rules within the EU. However, this drastic movement towards a harmonised system has so far left aside a highly relevant issue: the application by judicial and non-judicial authorities of the foreign law. In full contrast to the little attention so far paid to it in the EU, this issue is said to be the crux of the conflict of laws. It violates legal certainty and contradicts the objective of ensuring full access to justice to all European citizens within the EU. This book provides a comparative study of the existing situation in all EU member states and drafts some basic principles for a future European instrument. It will become a highly useful tool for lawyers, judges, notaries, land registries, academics, prosecutors etc.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Esplugues Mota, Carlos

Iglesias Buhigues, José Luis

Iglesias Buhigues, Jose Luis

Palao Moreno, Guillermo

Fachgebiete

• Rechtswissenschaften Internationales Recht und Europarecht Internationales Recht

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;6
2;List of Authors;20
3;Preface: The Project;26
4;List of Abbreviations;30
5;Chapter 1 General Report on the Application of Foreign Law by Judicial and Non-Judicial Authorities in Europe (Project JLS / CJ / 2007-1 / 03);38
5.1;I. Introduction;39
5.2;II. Application of Foreign law by Judicial Authorities in Europe;43
5.2.1;1. Introduction: the factual/legal condition of foreign law before national courts;43
5.2.2;2. The introduction of foreign law in the case at stake;53
5.2.3;3. The ascertainment of the content of foreign law;72
5.2.4;4. The application of foreign law;98
5.2.5;5. May the application of foreign law be reviewed by the courts?;110
5.3;III. The Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities in Europe;114
5.3.1;1. Introduction;114
5.3.2;2. The meaning of “non-judicial authorities” regarding the application of foreign law;116
5.3.3;3. Non-judicial authorities and the application of foreign law;118
5.3.4;4. The role played by the parties and non-judicial authorities regarding the application of foreign law;122
5.3.5;5. Consequences of the lack of ascertainment of the content of foreign law;123
5.4;IV. Final Remarks;125
5.4.1;Works cited in this General Report;126
6;“Principles for a Future EU Regulationon the Application of Foreign Law(“The Madrid Principles”);130
6.1;Principle I;130
6.2;Principle II;130
6.3;Principle III;130
6.4;Principle IV;130
6.5;Principle V;131
6.6;Principle VI;131
6.7;Principle VII;131
6.8;Principle VIII;131
6.9;Principle IX;131
6.10;Principle X;131
6.11;Principle XI;132
7;Chapter 2;134
7.1;Austria and Germany;136
7.1.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;136
7.1.1.1;1. Ex officio ascertainment of foreign law;136
7.1.1.2;2. Modifications of the principle of iura novit curia;139
7.1.1.3;3. Role of the parties;140
7.1.1.4;4. Means of ascertainment used by the court;140
7.1.1.5;5. Sufficient proof;142
7.1.1.6;6. In case foreign law cannot be ascertained: application of the lex fori;143
7.1.1.7;7. Review of judgments rendered on the basis of foreign law;145
7.1.1.8;8. Costs;147
7.1.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;148
7.1.3;III. Evaluation of the Austrian/German rule;148
7.1.3.1;1. Broad acceptance of the ex officio approach;148
7.1.3.2;2. Remaining questions;149
7.1.3.3;Works cited in this Chapter;150
7.2;Baltic Countries;154
7.2.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;154
7.2.1.1;1. General overview;154
7.2.1.2;2. Nature of foreign law;155
7.2.1.3;3. The role of the court and parties regarding the pleading;156
7.2.1.4;and proof of foreign law;156
7.2.1.5;4. When and how foreign law is deemed proved;158
7.2.1.6;5. Grounds for rejecting the application of foreign law;159
7.2.1.7;6. Possibilities to review judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law;160
7.2.1.8;7. Conventions regarding the application of foreign law;162
7.2.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;162
7.2.2.1;Works cited in this Chapter;163
7.3;Belgium;164
7.3.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;164
7.3.1.1;1. Nature of foreign law in Belgium;164
7.3.1.2;3. Means of ascertainment of foreign law;168
7.3.1.3;4. When and how foreign law is deemed established in time?;169
7.3.1.4;5. How does a court apply foreign law?;170
7.3.1.5;6. How can gaps be filled and what happens in case of lack of ascertainment of foreign law?;171
7.3.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial authorities;175
7.3.2.1;Works cited in this Chapter;176
7.4;Bulgaria;180
7.4.1;I. Introduction;180
7.4.2;II. Legal Rules on Application of Foreign Law;181
7.4.2.1;1. Code of Private International Law;181
7.4.2.2;2. International Conventions on proof of foreign law;182
7.4.3;III. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;182
7.4.3.1;1. Legal nature of foreign law;182
7.4.3.2;2. The principle “iura novit curia”;183
7.4.3.3;3. Pleading and proof of foreign law;184
7.4.3.4;4. Lack of proof of foreign law;186
7.4.3.5;5. Costs for ascertainment of the foreign law;187
7.4.3.6;6. Appeal based on the insufficient or incorrect application/interpretation of foreign law;188
7.4.3.7;7. Rejection of application of foreign law;189
7.4.4;IV. Main Features of the Application of Foreign Law by;189
7.4.5;Non-Judicial Authorities;189
7.4.5.1;1. Non-Judicial authorities applying foreign law;189
7.4.5.2;2. Application of foreign law by non-judicial authorities;189
7.4.5.3;3. Pleading and proof of foreign law by non-judicial authorities;194
7.4.6;V. Conclusion;194
7.4.6.1;Works cited in this chapter;195
7.5;Cyprus;196
7.5.1;I. General Overview;196
7.5.2;II. Pleading Foreign Law;197
7.5.3;III. Proving Foreign Law;199
7.5.4;IV. The Role of the Trial Judge;201
7.5.5;V. Failure to Prove Foreign Law;203
7.5.6;VI. The Right to Review Foreign Law;205
7.5.7;VII. Review of Foreign Law on Appeal;205
7.5.8;VIII. Concluding Remarks;206
7.5.8.1;Works cited in this Chapter;207
7.6;Czech Republic and Slovak Republic;208
7.6.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;208
7.6.1.1;1. General introduction;208
7.6.1.2;2. Brief history of legal regulation;209
7.6.1.3;3. Fundamental principles of the current legal regulation regarding the application of foreign law;210
7.6.1.4;4. Ascertaining of the content of foreign law;211
7.6.1.5;5. Application of the lex fori instead of foreign law;214
7.6.1.6;6. Review of the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law;216
7.6.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;216
7.6.2.1;1. General introduction;216
7.6.2.2;2. Review of the decision rendered on the basis of foreign law;217
7.6.2.3;Works cited in this Chapter;218
7.7;France;220
7.7.1;I. Introduction;220
7.7.2;II. The Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;221
7.7.2.1;1. The introduction of foreign law in the case;221
7.7.2.2;2. The ascertainment of foreign law;224
7.7.2.3;3. The exclusion of foreign law on the ground of public policy;228
7.7.2.4;4. Wrongful application of foreign law;230
7.7.3;III. The Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;231
7.7.3.1;1. The introduction of foreign law in the case;232
7.7.3.2;2. The ascertainment of foreign law;232
7.7.3.3;3. The exclusion of foreign law;233
7.7.3.4;Works cited in this Chapter;233
7.8;Greece;236
7.8.1;I. Introduction;236
7.8.2;II. Historical Background: The Treatment of Foreign Law Under the Code of Civil Procedure of 1834;236
7.8.3;III. Legal Nature of Foreign Law;238
7.8.4;IV. The Judicial Treatment of Foreign Law;238
7.8.5;V. Proof of Foreign Law;240
7.8.6;VI. The Consequences of the Failure to Prove Foreign Law;242
7.8.7;VII.Judicial Control;244
7.8.8;VIII. Public Policy;245
7.8.8.1;Works cited in this Chapter;246
7.9;Hungary;248
7.9.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;248
7.9.1.1;1. General overview;248
7.9.1.2;2. Legal nature of foreign law in Hungary;249
7.9.1.3;3. The role played by the judge and by the parties as regards proof of foreign law and the ascertainment of the content of foreign law.;250
7.9.1.4;4. When and how is foreign law deemed proved?;252
7.9.1.5;5. How is foreign law applied by the court and how are gaps filled?;252
7.9.1.6;6. When and how may the application of foreign law be;252
7.9.1.7;rejected by the court?;252
7.9.1.8;7. Possibilities of reviewing the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law by upper courts;255
7.9.1.9;8. Is there any bilateral/multilateral convention as regards the proof of foreign law applicable? How do they work in practice?;256
7.9.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;258
7.9.2.1;1. General overview;258
7.9.2.2;2. Specific features (differences and identities compared;260
7.9.2.3;with judicial authorities);260
7.9.2.4;Works cited in this Chapter;265
7.9.3;I. Introduction;266
7.9.4;II. Legal or Factual Nature Granted to Foreign Law in Ireland;266
7.9.5;III. The Role Played by the Judge and by the Parties as Regards the Plea and/or proof of Foreign Law and the Means Referred to as Regards the Ascertainment of its Content;267
7.9.6;IV. The Specific Case of Canon Law Before Irish Courts;269
7.9.7;V. Final Remarks;270
7.9.7.1;Works cited in this Chapter;270
7.10;Italy;272
7.10.1;I. General Overview;272
7.10.2;II. The Nature of Foreign Law: Article 14 of the Italian Reform of PIL;274
7.10.3;III. The Role Played by the Judge and by the Parties;277
7.10.4;IV. The Ascertainment of the Content of Foreign Law;279
7.10.5;V. The Proof of the Content of Foreign Law;280
7.10.6;VI. Problems on the Application of Foreign Law;281
7.10.7;VII. Reasons for Rejecting the Application of Foreign Law;283
7.10.8;VIII. The Review of Judgements Rendered in Application of Foreign Law;284
7.10.9;IX. International Conventions;284
7.10.9.1;Works cited in this Chapter;285
7.11;Luxembourg;290
7.11.1;I. Preliminary Remarks;290
7.11.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;290
7.11.2.1;1. General overview;290
7.11.2.2;2. Nature of foreign Law;291
7.11.2.3;3. The role played by judges and parties concerning the;291
7.11.2.4;pleading and proof of foreign law;291
7.11.2.5;4. The proper moment to prove foreign law, the object;292
7.11.2.6;and means of proof;292
7.11.2.7;5. Applying and rejecting the application of foreign law;295
7.11.2.8;6. Possibilities of review by Upper Courts;295
7.11.2.9;7. International conventions on proof of foreign law;295
7.11.3;III. Application of Foreign Law by Non-judicial Authorities;296
7.11.3.1;1. General overview;296
7.11.3.2;2. Divergences among judicial and non-judicial systems;296
7.11.4;IV. Some Final Comments;296
7.11.4.1;Work cited in this Chapter;298
7.12;Malta;300
7.12.1;I. Introduction;300
7.12.2;II. Legal or Factual Nature Granted to Foreign Law;301
7.12.3;III. Pleading Foreign Law and Ascertaining its Content;301
7.12.4;IV. The Means Referred to by the Court and/or by the Parties as Regards the Ascertainment of the Content of Foreign Law;304
7.12.5;V. Failure to Proof Foreign Law;305
7.12.6;VI. Rejection of the Application of Foreign Law by the Court;306
7.12.7;VII. Possibilities of Review of the Judgment rendered on the basis of Foreign Law by Courts of Second Instance Superior Courts;307
7.12.8;VIII. Bilateral/Multilateral Conventions Regarding the;308
7.12.9;Proof of Foreign Law;308
7.12.10;IX. Final Remarks;308
7.12.10.1;Works cited in this Chapter;308
7.13;Poland;310
7.13.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;310
7.13.1.1;1. General overview;310
7.13.1.2;2. Legal nature attributed to foreign law;311
7.13.1.3;3. The role played by the judge and by the parties as regards the plea and proof of foreign law;314
7.13.1.4;4. The means by which the content of foreign law may be ascertained. Cooperation between the court and the parties;318
7.13.1.5;5. The sufficient determination of the content of foreign law in a;321
7.13.1.6;reasonable time;321
7.13.1.7;6. Rejecting the application of foreign law;322
7.13.1.8;7. Possibilities of review of the judgment rendered on;324
7.13.1.9;the basis of foreign law;324
7.13.1.10;8. Multilateral and bilateral conventions as regards the proof of foreign law;325
7.13.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;326
7.13.2.1;1. General overview;326
7.13.2.2;2. Similarities and differences between the system of application of foreign law by judicial and non-judicial authorities;327
7.13.3;III. Final Comments and Conclusions;329
7.13.3.1;Works cited in this Chapter;332
7.14;Portugal;336
7.14.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;336
7.14.1.1;1. General overview;336
7.14.1.2;2. Legal or factual nature granted to foreign law in the;337
7.14.1.3;specific country dealt with;337
7.14.1.4;3. The role played by the judge and by the parties as regards the plea and/or proof of foreign law and the possibility/obligation of cooperation between them as regards these two issues;338
7.14.1.5;4. The means referred to by the Court and/or by the parties as regards the ascertainment of the content of foreign law;338
7.14.1.6;5. When and how is foreign law deemed proved? Meaning of proof in a reasonable time;339
7.14.1.7;6. How is foreign law applied by the Court? How are gaps filled?;341
7.14.1.8;7. When and how may the application of foreign law be;342
7.14.1.9;rejected by the Court?;342
7.14.1.10;8. Possibilities of review of the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law by Upper Courts;346
7.14.1.11;9. Is there any Bilateral/Multilateral convention as regards the proof of foreign law applicable? How do they work in practice?;346
7.14.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;347
7.14.2.1;1. General overview;347
7.14.2.2;2. In case any specific system exists as regards this issue, which are the main similarities/differences in relation with the system of application of foreign law by judicial authorities;348
7.14.2.3;Works cited in this Chapter;349
7.15;Romania;352
7.15.1;I. Short Introduction;352
7.15.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;353
7.15.2.1;1. Legal nature granted to foreign law in Romania;353
7.15.2.2;2. The role played by the judge and the parties as regards the pleading and/or proof of foreign law and the possibility/obligation of cooperation between them as regards these two issues;354
7.15.2.3;3. The means referred to by the court and/or the parties as regards the ascertainment of the content of foreign law;355
7.15.2.4;4. When and how foreign law is deemed proved in a reasonable time?;356
7.15.2.5;5. How is foreign law applied by the court? How are gaps filled?;356
7.15.2.6;6. When and how may the application of foreign law;357
7.15.2.7;be rejected by the court?;357
7.15.2.8;7. Possibilities of review of the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law by Upper Courts;357
7.15.2.9;8. Existing bilateral/multilateral Conventions as regards the proof of foreign law and the way they work;358
7.15.3;III. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;359
7.15.3.1;1. General overview;359
7.15.3.2;2. Which are the main similarities/differences regarding the system of application of foreign law by judicial authorities?;359
7.15.3.3;Works cited in this Chapter;360
7.16;Scandinavian Countries;362
7.16.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;362
7.16.1.1;1. General overview2;362
7.16.1.2;2. Legal and factual nature of foreign law;364
7.16.1.3;3. The role played by the judge or the parties;365
7.16.1.4;4. The means referred to by the Court and/or by the parties as regards the ascertainment of the content of foreign law;366
7.16.1.5;5. When and how is foreign law deemed proved? Meaning of proof in a reasonable time;367
7.16.1.6;6. How is foreign law applied by the court? How are gaps filled?;369
7.16.1.7;7. When and how may the application of foreign law be;370
7.16.1.8;rejected by the Court?;370
7.16.1.9;8. Possibilities of review of the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law by upper Courts;372
7.16.1.10;9. Bilateral and multilateral agreements;372
7.16.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;372
7.16.2.1;1. General overview;372
7.16.2.2;2. Special characteristics;376
7.16.2.3;Works cited in this Chapter;378
7.17;Slovenia;380
7.17.1;I. Introduction;380
7.17.2;II. Foreign Law – Legal Nature and Main Features;380
7.17.3;III. Pleading, Proving and Applying Foreign Law;382
7.17.3.1;1. Pleading and proving foreign law before judicial and;382
7.17.3.2;non-judicial authorities;382
7.17.3.3;2. The nature of the conflict of laws rules;384
7.17.3.4;3. The role of the parties;384
7.17.3.5;4. Costs concerning the application of the foreign law;385
7.17.3.6;5. Assistance on the application of foreign law by the Ministry of Justice;385
7.17.3.7;6. Legal remedies in case of non-application or misapplication;386
7.17.3.8;of the foreign law;386
7.17.3.9;7. The foreign law and provisions which effects are contrary to the domestic public order;387
7.17.4;IV. International Commitments on the Basis of;388
7.17.5;International Conventions;388
7.17.6;V. Conclusion;388
7.17.6.1;Works cited in this Chapter;389
7.18;Spain;390
7.18.1;I. Introduction;390
7.18.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;391
7.18.2.1;1. General overview;391
7.18.2.2;2. The “hybrid” character granted to foreign law;392
7.18.2.3;3. The role played by judges and parties concerning the pleading and proof of foreign law;393
7.18.2.4;4. The proper moment to prove foreign law, means and object of proof;395
7.18.2.5;5. Assessing the final application or rejection of foreign law;398
7.18.2.6;6. Possibilities of review by upper courts;399
7.18.2.7;7. International conventions on proof of foreign law;401
7.18.3;III. Application of Foreign Law by Non-judicial Authorities;403
7.18.3.1;1. General overview;403
7.18.3.2;2. Divergences between judicial and non-judicial authorities regarding the application of foreign law;404
7.18.3.3;3. The consequences of the lack of proof of foreign law;406
7.18.4;IV. Some Final Remarks;407
7.18.4.1;Works cited in this Chapter;408
7.19;The Netherlands;412
7.19.1;I. Introduction;412
7.19.2;II. The Dutch Approach towards the Application of Foreign Law;412
7.19.2.1;1. General overview – the legal nature of foreign law;412
7.19.2.2;2. The role played by the judge and the parties and the means as regards the ascertainment of the content of foreign law;415
7.19.2.3;3. The application of foreign law and the consequences of the;418
7.19.2.4;lack of proof of foreign law;418
7.19.2.5;4. Conventions;419
7.19.2.6;5. Application controls;421
7.19.3;III. The Future – the Process of Codification of Dutch;423
7.19.4;Private International Law;423
7.19.4.1;Works cited in this Chapter;423
7.20;United Kingdom;426
7.20.1;I. Application of Foreign Law by Judicial Authorities;426
7.20.1.1;1. General overview;426
7.20.1.2;2. Legal or factual nature granted to foreign law in the specific country dealt with;427
7.20.1.3;3. The role played by the judge and by the parties as regards the plea and/or proof of foreign law and the possibility/obligation of co-operation between them as regards these two issues;428
7.20.1.4;4. The means referred to by the Court and/or by the parties as regards the ascertainment of the content of foreign law;432
7.20.1.5;5. When and how foreign law is deemed proved? Meaning of proof in a reasonable time;433
7.20.1.6;6. How is foreign law applied by the Court? How are gaps filled?;435
7.20.1.7;7. Failure to prove foreign law;437
7.20.1.8;8. When and how may the application of foreign law be rejected by the court?;439
7.20.1.9;9. Possibilities of review of the judgment rendered on the basis of foreign law by Upper Courts;439
7.20.1.10;10. Is there any bilateral/multilateral convention as regards the proof of foreign law applicable? How do they work in practice?;440
7.20.2;II. Application of Foreign Law by Non-Judicial Authorities;440
7.20.2.1;1. The notary public;441
7.20.2.2;2. General Register Office;442
7.20.3;III. Summary;442
7.20.3.1;Works cited in this Chapter;444