Florkin / Alexander / Bacq Unity and Diversity in Biochemistry

An Introduction to Chemical Biology
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8096-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 414 Seiten, Web PDF

International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology, Volume 1: Unity and Diversity in Biochemistry focuses on the advancements of processes, techniques, methodologies, and approaches involved in biochemistry. The publication first offers information on the constituents of the biosphere, modes of linkage by covalent bonds and macromolecules, general principles of biochemical energetics, and enzymes. The text then examines the destructive and non-destructive methods in modern biochemistry, priming reactions, and biosynthesis. Discussions focus on the mechanisms for the breakdown of amino acids, glycolysis and the hexosemonophosphate shunt, interrelations between priming reactions, respiratory chains, biochemical investigation and use of isotopes, and use of mutant strains micro-organisms. The manuscript takes a look at cellular topochemistry and regulation, aspects of biochemical diversity, inheritance of biochemical characteristics, and biochemical evolution. Topics include evolution of biochemical systems and constituents, control of biochemical characteristics by genes, biochemical differentiation of cells in a single organism, and factors which determine the velocity and path of enzymatic reaction chains. The selection is a dependable source of data for biochemists and readers interested in the different aspects of biochemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Florkin, Marcel

Alexander, P.

Bacq, Z. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Unity and Diversity in Biochemistry: An Introduction to Chemical Biology;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE;10
6;INTRODUCTION;12
7;UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN BIOCHEMISTRY;13
8;INTRODUCTION;14
9;PART ONE:;16
9.1;CHAPTER I. THE BIOSPHERE;18
9.2;CHAPTER II. CONSTITUENTS OF THE BIOSPHERE;24
9.2.1;I. THE THREE PRINCIPAL BIOCHEMICAL STRUCTURES;25
9.2.2;II. OTHER CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF GENERAL INTEREST;47
9.3;CHAPTER III. MODES OF LINKAGE BY COVALENT BONDS;74
9.3.1;I. "OSIDE" LINKAGE;74
9.3.2;II. ESTER LINKAGE (AND ANHYDRIDE LINKAGE);78
9.3.3;III. PEPTIDE BOND;94
9.4;CHAPTER IV. MACROMOLECULES;100
9.4.1;I. POLYSACCHARIDES;102
9.4.2;II. PROTEINS;110
9.4.3;III. NUCLEOPROTEINS;124
9.4.4;IV. METALLOPROTEINS;128
9.4.5;V. LIPOPROTEINS;144
10;PART TWO: ENZYMES AND BIOCHEMICAL ENERGETICS ;146
10.1;CHAPTER I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMICAL ENERGETICS;148
10.1.1;I. FREE ENERGY;148
10.1.2;II ENERGY COUPLING;153
10.1.3;III. ENERGY-RICH BONDS;154
10.1.4;IV. THE PHOSPHATE CYCLE;155
10.1.5;V. BIOLOGICAL OXIDO-REDUCTIONS AND THE GENERATION OF ENERGY-RICH BONDS;155
10.1.6;VI. THE CELLULAR DYNAMO;162
10.1.7;VII. THE PYROPHOSPHATE BOND AND CELLULAR WORK;163
10.1.8;VIII. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND THE STATIONARY STATE;164
10.2;CHAPTER II. ENZYMES;168
10.2.1;I. DEFINITION;168
10.2.2;II. ENZYMES AND ACTIVATORS;169
10.2.3;III. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES;169
10.2.4;IV. KINETICS;183
10.2.5;V. THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ENZYMES AND COENZYMES;188
11;PART THREE: CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BIOSPHERE;194
11.1;INTRODUCTION;196
11.2;CHAPTER I. DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS IN MODERN BIOCHEMISTRY;198
11.2.1;I. FROM THE WHOLE ORGANISM TO THE PURE ENZYME;198
11.2.2;II. BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND THE USE OF ISOTOPES;199
11.2.3;III. THE USE OF MUTANT STRAINS OFMICRO-OR GANISMS;201
11.3;CHAPTER II. PRIMING REACTIONS;203
11.3.1;I. GLYCOLYSIS AND THE HEXOSEMONOPHOSPHATE SHUNT;203
11.3.2;II. ANOTHER PATHWAY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ACETYL-CoA : THE FATTY ACID CYCLE;213
11.3.3;III. THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE;216
11.3.4;IV. RESPIRATORY CHAINS;224
11.3.5;V. MECHANISMS FOR THE BREAKDOWN OF AMINO ACIDS;226
11.3.6;VI. INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN PRIMING REACTIONS;240
11.3.7;VII. ENERGETICS OF THE PRIMING REACTIONS;240
11.4;CHAPTER III. BIOSYNTHESES;246
11.4.1;I. THE MATERIALS FOR BIOSYNTHESES;246
11.4.2;II. BIOSYNTHESIS;247
12;PART FOURT: TOPOBIOCHEMISTRY AND CELLULAR REGULATION;288
12.1;CHAPTER I. CELLULAR TOPOCHEMISTRY;290
12.2;CHAPTER II. CELLULAR REGULATION;299
12.2.1;I. FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE VELOCITY AND THE PATH OF ENZYMATIC REACTION CHAINS;299
12.2.2;II. THE PASTEUR EFFECT;302
12.2.3;III. THE GENETIC CONTROL OF THE RELATIVE RATES OF ENZYMATIC REACTIONS;303
13;PART FIVE: BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY;304
13.1;CHAPTER I. SOME ASPECTS OF BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY;306
13.1.1;I. TERPENES;306
13.1.2;II. PORPHYRINS;308
13.1.3;III. PROTEIN MACROMOLECULES;318
13.2;CHAPTER II. THE INHERITANCE OF BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS;321
13.2.1;I. CONTROL OF BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS BY GENES;321
13.2.2;II. BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CELLS IN A SINGLE ORGANISM;322
13.2.3;III. PHENOTYPE AND "MILIEU";332
13.3;CHAPTER III. BIOCHEMISTRY AND TAXONOMY;334
13.3.1;I. BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY;334
13.3.2;II. DIVERSITY WITHIN SPECIES;340
13.3.3;III. DIVERSITY BETWEEN SPECIES;340
13.4;CHAPTER IV. BIOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION;350
13.4.1;I. DEFINITION;350
13.4.2;II. EVOLUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS;350
13.4.3;II. EVOLUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS;350
13.4.4;III. EVOLUTION OF BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS;357
14;PART SIX: THE METABOLISM OF THE BIOSPHERE;364
14.1;INTRODUCTION;366
14.2;CHAPTER I. ENTRY INTO THE BIOSPHERE;368
14.2.1;I. CARBON AND ENERGY;368
14.2.2;II. PHOSPHORUS;378
14.2.3;III. NITROGEN;379
14.2.4;IV. SULPHUR;381
14.3;CHAPTER II. DEPARTURE FROM THE BIOSPHERE;383
14.3.1;I. AMMONIFICATION IN THE SOIL;383
14.3.2;II. THE EXIT OF CARBON FROM THE BIOSPHERE;385
14.4;CHAPTER III. THE CYCLES;388
14.4.1;I. THE CARBON CYCLE;388
14.4.2;II. THE NITROGEN CYCLE;388
14.4.3;III. THE SULPHUR CYCLE;393
14.4.4;IV. THE CIRCULATION OF PHOSPHORUS;394
14.4.5;V. THE METABOLISM OF THE BIOSPHERE;394
15;Index;398