Handbook of Liquid Crystals, 8 Volume Set

8 Volume Set
2. vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-527-32773-7
Verlag: WILEY-VCH

Buch, Englisch, 5240 Seiten, Format (B × H): 264 mm x 381 mm, Gewicht: 11394 g

Much more than a slight revision, this second edition of the successful "Handbook of Liquid Crystals" is completely restructured and streamlined, with updated as well as completely new topics, 100% more content and a new team of editors and authors. As such, it fills the gap for a definitive, single source reference for all those working in the field of organized fluids and will set the standard for the next decade.

The Handbook's new structure facilitates navigation and combines the presentation of the content by topic and by liquid-crystal type: A fundamentals volume sets the stage for an understanding of the liquid crystal state of matter, while individual volumes cover the main types and forms, with a final volume bringing together the diverse liquid crystal phases through their applications.

This unrivaled, all-embracing coverage represents the undiluted knowledge on liquid crystals, making the Handbook a must-have wherever liquid crystals are investigated, produced or used, and in institutions where their science and technology is taught.

Also available electronically on Wiley Online Library, www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/holc

Volume 1: Fundamentals of Liquid Crystals

Volume 2: Physical Properties and Phase Behavior of Liquid Crystals

Volume 3: Nematic and Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

Volume 4: Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals

Volume 5: Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals

Volume 6: Nanostructured and Amphiphilic Liquid Crystals

Volume 7: Supermolecular and Polymeric Liquid Crystals

Volume 8: Applications of Liquid Crystals

Autoren/Hrsg.

Goodby, John W.

Collings, Peter J.

Kato, Takashi

Tschierske, Carsten

Gleeson, Helen

Raynes, Peter

Vill, Volkmar

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Oberflächen- und Grenzflächenphysik, Dünne Schichten
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Elektronik, Optik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Elektronik Elektronische Baugruppen, Elektronische Materialien

Inhaltsverzeichnis

VOLUME 1: Fundamentals of Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - INTRODUCTION

Introduction and Historical Perspectives of Liquid Crystals

Classification of Liquid Crystals According to Symmetry

Phase Transitions: General and Fundamental Aspects, First and Second Order Transitions, Typical Ranges, Monotropic and Enantiotropic Transitions, Supercooling, Thermodynamics

 

PART II - BASICS OF LIQUID CRYSTALS

Continuum Theory for Liquid Crystals

Molecular Theories of Liquid Crystals

Synthetic Strategies for Liquid Crystals

Symmetry and Chirality in Liquid Crystals

Chemical Structure and Mesogenic Properties

 

PART III - CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS

Optical Microscopy Studies of Liquid Crystals

X-ray Scattering Investigations of Liquid Crystals

Imaging: AFM, STM, TEM, Freeze Fracture Studies, Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy

Mixed Systems: Phase Diagrams, Phase Rules, Eutectics, Re-Entrant Phases, Induced Phases, Miscibility Studies

Magnetic Resonance

Neutron Scattering

Light Scattering from Liquid Crystals

Investigation of Chirality Properties

 

VOLUME 2: Physical Properties and Phase Behavior of Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Tensor Properties of Anisotropic Materials

Magnetic Properties of Liquid Crystals

Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals

Dielectric Properties of Liquid Crystals

Elastic Properties of Liquid Crystals

Defects and Textures of Liquid Crystals

Viscosity

Behaviour of Liquid Crystals in Electric and Magnetic fields

Surface Alignment of Liquid Crystals

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals

Ion Transport in Liquid Crystals

Phase Transition Theories

 

PART II - PHASE BEHAVIOR

Thermal Studies in Liquid Crystals

Density in Liquid Crystals

High Pressure Investigations of Liquid Crystals

Reentrant Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals

 

VOLUME 3: Nematic and Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - COMMON FEATURES OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Phase Structures of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals

Designing Principles and Synthesis of Materials for Nematic Liquid Crystals

 

PART II - CONVENTIONAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Nematic Liquid Crystals for Display Applications

Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Dielectric Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Diamagnetic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Optical Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Dynamic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

 

PART III - DISCOTIC, BIAXIAL AND CHIRAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Design and Synthesis of Nematic Phases Formed by Disc-Like Molecules

Synthesis of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals

Structures and Properties of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals

Physical Investigations of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals

Molecular Design and Synthesis of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

Structures and Optical Properties of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals and Electric, Magnetic, and Mechanical Fields

 

PART IV - BLUE PHASES

Design of Blue Phase Materials

Structures of Blue Phases and Other Frustrated Nematic Liquid Crystals

Polymer and Colloid-Stabilized Blue Phases

 

VOLUME 4: Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - NON-CHIRAL SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Design and Synthesis of Smectic Liquid Crystals

Structures and Properties of Smectic Liquid Crystals

 

PART II - CHIRAL SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Synthesis of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals

Structures of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals

Other Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases: Alpha, Electroclinic, Intermediate

High Chirality Mesophases: TGB, SmBlue, Cubic, Tetragonal

 

PART III - COLUMNAR LIQUID CRYSTALS OF DISC-LIKE MOLECULES

Design Concepts and Synthesis of Discotic Liquid Crystals

Structure and Physical Properties of Columnar Liquid Crystals

Electrical, Magnetic and Mechanical Fields and Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals

 

PART IV - BENT-CORE LIQUID CRYSTALS

Design and Synthesis of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals

Phase Structures and Physical Properties of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals

Electrical, Magnetic and Mechanical Fields and Bent-Core Liquid Crystals

Columnar Liquid Crystal Phases of Bent-Core Mesogens

 

VOLUME 5: Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals

 

Microphase Segregation in Conventional Liquid Crystals

Microphase Segregation in Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals

Laterally Substituted and Swallow-Tailed Liquid Crystals/Phasmids and Polyatenar Mesogens

Metal-Containing Liquid Crystals

Star Mesogens

Fullero-Liquid Crystals

Thermotropic Cubic Liquid Crystal Phases, other 3D Phases and Quasi Crystals

Polyphilic Molecules and Polygonal Cylilnder Phases

Rod-Coil Molecules

Hydrogen-Bonded Systems: Discrete Defined Aggregates and Intramolecular H-Bonding, Amides, Carboxylic Acids, Heterocycles

Liquid Crystal Rotaxanes and Catenanes

 

VOLUME 6: Nanostructured and Amphiphilic Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - NANOSTRUCTURED LIQUID CRYSTALS

Liquid Crystal Physical Gels

Nanoparticle and Nanostructured Liquid Crystals

Mineral Liquid Crystals, Particles in Solvents

Carbon Nanotubes in Liquid Crystals

Liquid Crystals in Confined Geometries

Colloid Crystals in Nematic Liquid Crystals

Virus Particle-Based Liquid Crystals

 

PART II - AMPHIPHILIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

Ionic Self Assembly and Amphotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals

Amphotropic H-Bonding Liquid Crystals

Lipid Self-Assembly

Liquid Crystal Crown Ethers and Oligo(ethylene Oxides)

Lyotropic Surfactant Liquid Crystals, Micellar Systems

Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Liquid Crystals and Self-Assembled Films of Liquid Crystals on Surface

Chromonic Liquid Crystals

 

VOLUME 7: Supermolecular and Polymeric Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - LIQUID CRYSTALS IN BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

Liquid Crystals in Living Systems and Liquid Crystals in the Development of Life

Biomembranes

Cellulosic Liquid Crystals

Silk and Fibers, Collagens

 

PART II - DIMESOGENS, OLIGOMESOGENS AND DENDRIMERS

Liquid Crystal Dimers and Oligomers

Supermolecular Liquid Crystals

Liquid Crystal Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Liquid Crystals

 

Part III - Main-Chain and Side-Group Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymers

Aromatic Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers

Main-Chain and Side-Chain LC Polymers with Disc-Like Segments

Liquid Crystal Polysilanes

Design and Synthesis of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers

Structure and Properties of Side Group Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers

Side-On Type Side-Chain and Main-Chain/Side-Chain Combined Liquid Crystalline Polymers

 

PART IV - BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS

Polymer Networks

Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

Block Copolymers Containing Liquid Crystalline Segments

 

VOLUME 8: Applications of Liquid Crystals

 

PART I - DISPLAY DEVICES

TN, STN and Guest-Host Liquid Crystal Display Devices

In-Plane Switching Display Devices

Vertically Aligned Nematic Display Devices

Bistable Nematic Display Devices

Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays

SmecticA Liquid Crystal Displays

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays

Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Hosts for Displays

Antiferroic Liquid Crystals

Blue Phase and Isotropic Displays

 

PART II - NON-DISPLAY APPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

Applications of Liquid Crystals in Telecommunication

Adaptive Optics and Lenses

Photonic Micro- and Nanostructures, Metamaterials

Lasing

Nonlinear Optics

Holography and Information Storage

Thermography and Stress Imaging Using Liquid Crystals

Photoresponsive, Photosensitive and Photoalignable Materials

Liquid Crystal Dyes

Liquid Crystal Semiconductors

Liquid Crystal Semiconductors: Oligothiophenes and Related Materials

Redox-Active (Electrochromic) Liquid Crystals

Liquid Crystals as Ion Conductors

Electromechanical Effects

Optomechanical Devices

Applications of Bent-Core Mesogens

Applications of Mineral Liquid Crystals

Magnetic Liquid Crystals, Liquid Crystal Radicals and Carbenes

Molecular Machines

Liquid Crystals in Biological Imaging and Biomechanical Devices

Sensing Biomolecules using Liquid Crystals

VOLUME 1: Fundamentals of Liquid Crystals

PART I -
INTRODUCTION
Introduction and Historical Perspectives of Liquid Crystals
Classification of Liquid Crystals According to Symmetry
Phase Transitions: General and Fundamental Aspects, First and Second Order Transitions, Typical Ranges, Monotropic and Enantiotropic Transitions, Supercooling, Thermodynamics

PART II -
BASICS OF LIQUID CRYSTALS
Continuum Theory for Liquid Crystals
Molecular Theories of Liquid Crystals
Synthetic Strategies for Liquid Crystals
Symmetry and Chirality in Liquid Crystals
Chemical Structure and Mesogenic Properties

PART III -
CHARACTERIZATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS
Optical Microscopy Studies of Liquid Crystals
X-ray Scattering Investigations of Liquid Crystals
Imaging: AFM, STM, TEM, Freeze Fracture Studies, Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy
Mixed Systems: Phase Diagrams, Phase Rules, Eutectics, Re-Entrant Phases, Induced Phases, Miscibility Studies
Magnetic Resonance
Neutron Scattering
Light Scattering from Liquid Crystals
Investigation of Chirality Properties

VOLUME 2: Physical Properties and Phase Behavior of Liquid Crystals

PART I -
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tensor Properties of Anisotropic Materials
Magnetic Properties of Liquid Crystals
Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals
Dielectric Properties of Liquid Crystals
Elastic Properties of Liquid Crystals
Defects and Textures of Liquid Crystals
Viscosity
Behaviour of Liquid Crystals in Electric and Magnetic fields
Surface Alignment of Liquid Crystals
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals
Ion Transport in Liquid Crystals
Phase Transition Theories

PART II -
PHASE BEHAVIOR
Thermal Studies in Liquid Crystals
Density in Liquid Crystals
High Pressure Investigations of Liquid Crystals
Reentrant Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals

VOLUME 3: Nematic and Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals

PART I -
COMMON FEATURES OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Phase Structures of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals
Designing Principles and Synthesis of Materials for Nematic Liquid Crystals

PART II -
CONVENTIONAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Nematic Liquid Crystals for Display Applications
Elastic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Dielectric Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Diamagnetic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Optical Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Dynamic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals

PART III -
DISCOTIC, BIAXIAL AND CHIRAL NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Design and Synthesis of Nematic Phases Formed by Disc-Like Molecules
Synthesis of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals
Structures and Properties of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals
Physical Investigations of Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals
Molecular Design and Synthesis of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Structures and Optical Properties of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals
Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals and Electric, Magnetic, and Mechanical Fields

PART IV -
BLUE PHASES
Design of Blue Phase Materials
Structures of Blue Phases and Other Frustrated Nematic Liquid Crystals
Polymer and Colloid-Stabilized Blue Phases

VOLUME 4: Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals

PART I -
NON-CHIRAL SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Design and Synthesis of Smectic Liquid Crystals
Structures and Properties of Smectic Liquid Crystals

PART II -
CHIRAL SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Synthesis of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals
Structures of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Other Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases: Alpha, Electroclinic, Intermediate
High Chirality Mesophases: TGB, SmBlue, Cubic, Tetragonal

PART III -
COLUMNAR LIQUID CRYSTALS OF DISC-LIKE MOLECULES
Design Concepts and Synthesis of Discotic Liquid Crystals
Structure and Physical Properties of Columnar Liquid Crystals
Electrical, Magnetic and Mechanical Fields and Discotic Nematic Liquid Crystals

PART IV -
BENT-CORE LIQUID CRYSTALS
Design and Synthesis of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals
Phase Structures and Physical Properties of Bent-Core Liquid Crystals
Electrical, Magnetic and Mechanical Fields and Bent-Core Liquid Crystals
Columnar Liquid Crystal Phases of Bent-Core Mesogens

VOLUME 5: Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals

Microphase Segregation in Conventional Liquid Crystals
Microphase Segregation in Non-Conventional Liquid Crystals
Laterally Substituted and Swallow-Tailed Liquid Crystals/Phasmids and Polyatenar Mesogens
Metal-Containing Liquid Crystals
Star Mesogens
Fullero-Liquid Crystals
Thermotropic Cubic Liquid Crystal Phases, other 3D Phases and Quasi Crystals
Polyphilic Molecules and Polygonal Cylilnder Phases
Rod-Coil Molecules
Hydrogen-Bonded Systems: Discrete Defined Aggregates and Intramolecular H-Bonding, Amides, Carboxylic Acids, Heterocycles
Liquid Crystal Rotaxanes and Catenanes

VOLUME 6: Nanostructured and Amphiphilic Liquid Crystals

PART I -
NANOSTRUCTURED LIQUID CRYSTALS
Liquid Crystal Physical Gels
Nanoparticle and Nanostructured Liquid Crystals
Mineral Liquid Crystals, Particles in Solvents
Carbon Nanotubes in Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystals in Confined Geometries
Colloid Crystals in Nematic Liquid Crystals
Virus Particle-Based Liquid Crystals

PART II -
AMPHIPHILIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
Ionic Self Assembly and Amphotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals
Amphotropic H-Bonding Liquid Crystals
Lipid Self-Assembly
Liquid Crystal Crown Ethers and Oligo(ethylene Oxides)
Lyotropic Surfactant Liquid Crystals, Micellar Systems
Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Liquid Crystals and Self-Assembled Films of Liquid Crystals on Surface
Chromonic Liquid Crystals

VOLUME 7: Supermolecular and Polymeric Liquid Crystals

PART I -
LIQUID CRYSTALS IN BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES
Liquid Crystals in Living Systems and Liquid Crystals in the Development of Life
Biomembranes
Cellulosic Liquid Crystals
Silk and Fibers, Collagens

PART II -
DIMESOGENS, OLIGOMESOGENS AND DENDRIMERS
Liquid Crystal Dimers and Oligomers
Supermolecular Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystal Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Liquid Crystals

Part III -
Main-Chain and Side-Group Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polymers
Aromatic Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers
Main-Chain and Side-Chain LC Polymers with Disc-Like Segments
Liquid Crystal Polysilanes
Design and Synthesis of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers
Structure and Properties of Side Group Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers
Side-On Type Side-Chain and Main-Chain/Side-Chain Combined Liquid Crystalline Polymers

PART IV -
BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS
Polymer Networks
Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Block Copolymers Containing Liquid Crystalline Segments

VOLUME 8: Applications of Liquid Crystals

PART I -
DISPLAY DEVICES
TN, STN and Guest-Host Liquid Crystal Display Devices
In-Plane Switching Display Devices
Vertically Aligned Nematic Display Devices
Bistable Nematic Display Devices
Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays
SmecticA Liquid Crystal Displays
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Hosts for Displays
Antiferroic Liquid Crystals
Blue Phase and Isotropic Displays

PART II -
NON-DISPLAY APPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Applications of Liquid Crystals in Telecommunication
Adaptive Optics and Lenses
Photonic Micro- and Nanostructures, Metamaterials
Lasing
Nonlinear Optics
Holography and Information Storage
Thermography and Stress Imaging Using Liquid Crystals
Photoresponsive, Photosensitive and Photoalignable Materials
Liquid Crystal Dyes
Liquid Crystal Semiconductors
Liquid Crystal Semiconductors: Oligothiophenes and Related Materials
Redox-Active (Electrochromic) Liquid Crystals
Liquid Crystals as Ion Conductors
Electromechanical Effects
Optomechanical Devices
Applications of Bent-Core Mesogens
Applications of Mineral Liquid Crystals
Magnetic Liquid Crystals, Liquid Crystal Radicals and Carbenes
Molecular Machines
Liquid Crystals in Biological Imaging and Biomechanical Devices
Sensing Biomolecules using Liquid Crystals

Über Autor(innen)

John W. Goodby is currently Chair of Materials Chemistry at the University of York, UK. He has published over 450 papers, given 170 plenary or invited lectures and holds 55 patents. John Goodby belongs to the top 5%-cited chemists in the world. His research in liquid crystals has been recognized by the George W. Gray Medal, the Tilden Lectureship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), an Honorary Doctorate from Trinity College, Dublin, and the Interdisciplinary Award of the RSC.
Peter Collings is Professor at the Department of Physics & Astronomy of Swarthmore College, USA. He has had research positions at the Kent State University, the universities of Paderborn and Berlin (Germany), the University of Pennsylvania and at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington. His research and teaching experience was recognized by several awards, including a Hewlett Packard foundation grant and the 'Professor of the Year' award by the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education.

Helen Gleeson is Professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, UK, and Research Dean in the Faculty of Science and Engineering. She has published more than 90 articles and five patents. After her PhD she took up post as Senior Development Scientist in the Wolfson Liquid Crystal Unit at the University of Manchester. Helen Gleeson has held visiting professor positions at the Universities of Sydney, Case Western Reserve University and Griffith University in Brisbane.

Takashi Kato is presently Full Professor at the University of Tokyo, Japan. He has published about 300 papers including original papers, reviews and book chapters. His research focuses on supramolecular liquid crystals, stimuli-responsive materials, liquid-crystalline gels and organic/inorganic composites inspired by biomineralization. Takashi Kato received numerous prestigious honors, including the Young Chemists Award of the Chemical Society of Japan, the Wiley Polymer Science Award in Chemistry and the Award of Japanese Liquid Crystal Society.

Carsten Tschierske is Professor at the Department of Organic Chemistry of the University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. Research in his group is centered around self-organization in liquid crystalline systems. Current efforts include bent-core mesogens, amphiphilic and amphotropic systems, multi-level segregating systems with complex superstructures as well as polar order and supramolecular chirality in soft matter. Carsten Tschierske has held visiting professor positions at the universities of Marburg, Würzburg and Fukuoka.

Peter Raynes FRS is Honorary Visiting Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of York and Emeritus Professor of Optoelectronic Engineering at the University of Oxford. Previously he had been Deputy Chief Scientific Officer at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern, and Director of Research at the Sharp Laboratories of Europe. He has published more than 130 research papers and authored more than 60 patents in the field of liquid crystals. His research has resulted in two Queen's Awards for Technological Achievement and he has received numerous other awards. These include the Rank Prize for Opto-electronics, the Paterson Medal of the Institute of Physics, the Jan Rajchman Prize of the Society for Information Display, and the G W Gray Medal of the British Liquid Crystal Society.

Volkmar Vill is Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of Hamburg, Germany, and head of the IT service of the chemistry department. He is author of over 160 papers including original papers, books and software products. His research is focused on liquid crystals, organic materials, chemical information technology and the management of hazardous substances. Volkmar Vill developed numerous databases and information systems such as the liquid crystal database LiqCryst and the SciDex system to store and organize scientific data, information and knowledge.