From Science to Computational Sciences

Studies in the History of Computing and its Influence on Today‘s Sciences
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-03734-093-6
Verlag: diaphanes

Buch, Englisch, 240 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 233 mm, Gewicht: 423 g

Reihe: sequenzia

In 1946 John von Neumann stated that science is stagnant along the entire front of complex problems, proposing the use of largescale computing machines to overcome this stagnation. In other words, Neumann advocated replacing analytical methods with numerical ones. The invention of the computer in the 1940s allowed scientists to realise numerical simulations of increasingly complex problems like weather forecasting, and climate and molecular modelling. Today, computers are widely used as computational laboratories, shifting science toward the computational sciences. By replacing analytical methods with numerical ones, they have expanded theory and experimentation by simulation.

During the last decades hundreds of computational departments have been established all over the world and countless computer-based simulations have been conducted. This volume explores the epoch-making influence of automatic computing machines on science, in particular as simulation tools.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gramelsberger, Gabriele

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften Medienwissenschaften
• Technische Wissenschaften Technik Allgemein Technikgeschichte

Inhaltsverzeichnis

11 - 18A Brief Introduction to the Volume (Gabriele Gramelsberger)19 - 44From Science to Computational Sciences (Gabriele Gramelsberger)48 - 56Roots and Media of Computational Power (Sybille Krämer)57 - 63The Early Progress of Scientific Simulation (David Alan Grier)65 - 84Mimetic Experiments before the Invention of the Computer (Thomas Brandstetter)85 - 95Computer Simulation in the V-2 Rocket Development (Thomas Lange)97 - 130Computer Simulations and the Trading Zone (Peter L. Galison)131 - 142From Computation with Experiments to Experiments with Computation (Gabriele Gramelsberger)145 - 150Towards A Definition of Simulation (David Alan Grier)151 - 163Simulation as a New Style of Research (Sergio Sismondo)165 - 176Artificial, False, and Performing Well (Johannes Lenhard)177 - 193Explanatory and Predictive Functions of Simulation Modelling Case (Erika Mansnerus)195 - 207Research Technology, the Computer and Scientific Progress (Renate Mayntz)209 - 217Shaping Reality with Algorithms (Johann Feichter)219 - 226Uncertainty in Grammar / The Grammar of Uncertainty (Peter Bexte)229 - 233Authors

11 - 18A Brief Introduction to the Volume (Gabriele Gramelsberger)19 - 44From Science to Computational Sciences (Gabriele Gramelsberger)48 - 56Roots and Media of Computational Power (Sybille Krämer)57 - 63The Early Progress of Scientific Simulation (David Alan Grier)65 - 84Mimetic Experiments before the Invention of the Computer (Thomas Brandstetter)85 - 95Computer Simulation in the V-2 Rocket Development (Thomas Lange)97 - 130Computer Simulations and the Trading Zone (Peter L. Galison)131 - 142From Computation with Experiments to Experiments with Computation (Gabriele Gramelsberger)145 - 150Towards A Definition of Simulation (David Alan Grier)151 - 163Simulation as a New Style of Research (Sergio Sismondo)165 - 176Artificial, False, and Performing Well (Johannes Lenhard)177 - 193Explanatory and Predictive Functions of Simulation Modelling Case (Erika Mansnerus)195 - 207Research Technology, the Computer and Scientific Progress (Renate Mayntz)209 - 217Shaping Reality with Algorithms (Johann Feichter)219 - 226Uncertainty in Grammar / The Grammar of Uncertainty (Peter Bexte)229 - 233Authors

Über Autor(innen)

Gramelsberger, Gabriele
Gabriele Gramelsberger ist Professorin für Wissenschaftstheorie und Technikphilosophie an der RWTH Aachen. Ihre aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte sind die Digitalisierung von Wissenschaft und Forschung und die maschinische Epistemologie künstlicher Intelligenz.

Gabriele Gramelsberger ist Wissenschaftsphilosophin an der Freien Universität Berlin. Sie forscht zum Wandel der Wissenschaft durch den Computer sowie zur zunehmenden Mathematisierung der Lebenswelt. Seit 2009 leitet sie den Forschungsverbund 'Embodied Information – ›Lebendige‹ Algorithmen & Zelluläre ›Maschinen‹' an der FU Berlin.