Hardy Fish Nutrition

3. Auflage 2002
ISBN: 978-0-08-049492-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 500 Seiten, Web PDF

This third edition of Fish Nutrition is a comprehensive treatise on nutrient requirements and metabolism in major species of fish used in aquaculture or scientific experiments. It covers nutrients required and used in cold water, warm water, fresh water, and marine species for growth and reproduction. It also highlights basic physiology and biochemistry of the nutrients and applications of these principles to scientific and practical diet formulations and to manufacturing techniques for major species used worldwide in aquaculture.*Nutrient requirements for dietary formulations for fish farming*Digestive physiology*Comparative nutritional requirements of different species*Fish as unique animals for certain metabolic pathways

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hardy, Ronald W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Fish Nutrition;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;12
6;Preface;14
7;Chapter 1. Bioenergetics;16
7.1;1.1 Introduction;17
7.2;1.2 History of Nutritional Energetics;18
7.3;1.3 Energy Exchange in Biological Systems;20
7.4;1.4 Energy Utilization and Requirements;22
7.5;1.5 Digestible Energy of Feedstuffs;29
7.6;1.6 Effect of Biological and Environmental Factors;31
7.7;1.7 Urinary and Branchial Energy and Metabolizable Energy;33
7.8;1.8 Factors Affecting Metabolic Waste Output;36
7.9;1.9 Heat Production;39
7.10;1.10 Minimal Metabolism;44
7.11;1.11 Heat Increment of Feeding;50
7.12;1.12 Digestion and Absorption Processes (HdE);52
7.13;1.13 Recovered Energy and Growth;58
7.14;1.14 Reproduction;62
7.15;1.15 Integrating and Using Information from Bioenergetics;63
7.16;1.16 Limitations and Perspectives of Bioenergetics;68
7.17;References;69
8;Chapter 2. The Vitamins;76
8.1;2.1 Historical Introduction;77
8.2;2.2 The Water-Soluble Vitamins;81
8.3;2.3 The Fat-Soluble Vitamins;128
8.4;2.4 Other Factors;143
8.5;2.5 Anemias and Hemapoiesis;145
8.6;References;147
9;Chapter 3. Amino Acids and Proteins;158
9.1;3.1 Introduction;159
9.2;3.2 Protein Requirements;160
9.3;3.3 Qualitative Amino Acid Requirements;166
9.4;3.4 Quantitative Amino Acid Requirements;167
9.5;3.5 Other Methods of Estimating Amino Acid Needs;185
9.6;References;190
10;Chapter 4. The Lipids;196
10.1;4.1 Introduction;197
10.2;4.2 Structures and Biosynthesis;199
10.3;4.3 Functions;209
10.4;4.4 Fatty Acids and Dietary Energy;216
10.5;4.5 Optimal Levels and Ratios of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids;221
10.6;4.6 Dietary Phosphoglycerides: Inositol and Choline;242
10.7;4.7 Fatty Acid Peroxidation;247
10.8;4.8 Sources of Lipids for Farmed Fish Feeds;254
10.9;4.9 Prospects;259
10.10;References;261
11;Chapter 5. The Minerals;274
11.1;5.1 Introduction;275
11.2;5.2 Essential Minerals for Finfish;286
11.3;5.3 Concluding Remarks;315
11.4;References;316
12;Chapter 6. Intermediary Metabolism;324
12.1;6.1 Introduction: Metabolic Circuitry and Control Mechanisms;325
12.2;6.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism;328
12.3;6.3 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism;348
12.4;6.4 Conclusions;373
12.5;References;375
13;Chapter 7. Nutritional Physiology;382
13.1;7.1 Introduction;383
13.2;7.2 Gross Juvenile and Adult Anatomy;384
13.3;7.3 Sensory Organs;393
13.4;7.4 Food Capture Structures and Organs;404
13.5;7.5 Digestive Organs;408
13.6;7.6 Liver;428
13.7;7.7 Anatomy and Diet;430
13.8;7.8 Digestive Processes;432
13.9;7.9 Postabsorptive Transport and Processing;442
13.10;7.10 Control and Regulation of Digestion;443
13.11;7.11 Nutritional Physiology in Larval Fish;447
13.12;References;461
14;Chapter 8. Nutritional Pathology;468
14.1;8.1 Introduction;469
14.2;8.2 Principles of Nutritional Pathology;470
14.3;8.3 The Deficiency and Imbalance Diseases;474
14.4;8.4 Micronutrients;479
14.5;8.5 Mineral Deficiencies and Imbalances;495
14.6;8.6 Dietary Mineral Toxicity;499
14.7;8.7 Mycotoxins;504
14.8;8.8 Toxic Algae;507
14.9;8.9 Cottonseeds;507
14.10;8.10 Senecio Alkaloids;507
14.11;8.11 Leucaena Toxins;509
14.12;8.12 Anthropogenic Chemicals;509
14.13;8.13 Binders;509
14.14;8.14 Photosensitizers;510
14.15;8.15 Sekoke Disease;512
14.16;8.16 Spleen- and Liver-Induced Cataracts;513
14.17;8.17 Single-Cell Protein Lesions;515
14.18;8.18 Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic Toxicity;515
14.19;References;515
15;Chapter 9. Diet Formulation and Manufacture;520
15.1;9.1 Introduction;521
15.2;9.2 Aims and Strategy of Fish Feed Production;529
15.3;9.3 Feed Ingredients;530
15.4;9.4 Diet Formulation;553
15.5;9.5 Diet Manufacture and Storage;573
15.6;9.6 Ingredient and Diet Evaluation;593
15.7;9.7 Glossary;609
15.8;References;611
16;Chapter 10. Adventitious Toxins;616
16.1;10.1 Introduction;617
16.2;10.2 Naturally Occurring Toxins in Formulated Fish Rations;618
16.3;10.3 Nonnatural Components and Additives in Formulated Rations;645
16.4;10.4 Summary;656
16.5;References;656
17;Chapter 11. Special Feeds;666
17.1;11.1 Introduction;667
17.2;11.2 Formulation of Special Feeds;667
17.3;11.3 Feed Manufacturing;676
17.4;11.4 Summary;682
17.5;References;683
18;Chapter 12. Nutrition and Fish Health;686
18.1;12.1 Introduction;687
18.2;12.2 Factors Affecting Fish Health;688
18.3;12.3 Dietary Components Influencing Fish Health;690
18.4;12.4 Feeding Practices Affecting Fish Health;709
18.5;12.5 Concluding Remarks and Research Needs;713
18.6;References;714
19;Chapter 13. Diet and Fish Husbandry;718
19.1;13.1 Introduction;719
19.2;13.2 Channel Catfish;723
19.3;13.3 Salmonids;735
19.4;13.4 Tilapias;747
19.5;13.5 Penaeid Shrimp;756
19.6;References;768
20;Chapter 14. Nutrient Flow and Retention;770
20.1;14.1 Introduction;771
20.2;14.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism;772
20.3;14.3 Glycolysis;772
20.4;14.4 Carbohydrate Synthesis;774
20.5;14.5 Pentose Phosphate Pathway;774
20.6;14.6 Glycogenolysis;774
20.7;14.7 Diet and Carbohydrate Metabolism;775
20.8;14.8 Lipid Metabolism;775
20.9;14.9 Odd-Chain-Length Fatty Acid Oxidation;777
20.10;14.10 Electron Transfer Cascade;778
20.11;14.11 Amino Acid Metabolism;778
20.12;14.12 Effect of Diet on Intermediary Metabolism;780
20.13;14.13 Measuring Protein Accretion and Degradation;781
20.14;14.14 Intake and Metabolism;782
20.15;14.15 Sexual Maturity and Metabolism;782
20.16;14.16 Prospects for Improvement of Protein Retention Efficiency;783
20.17;References;784
21;Appendix;786
22;Index;822