In 1994, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) coined the term ‘human security’ in the seminal UNDP Human Development Report. This report approached ‘security’ for the first time from a holistic perspective: security would no longer be viewed from a purely military perspective, but rather it would encapsulate economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security. Although the concept of human security accords a higher status to individual than to governmental interests, human security discourses have continually emphasised the central role of States as providers of human security. This volume challenges this paradigm, and highlights the part played by non-state actors in both threatening human security and also in rescuing or providing relief to those whose human security is endangered. It does so from a legal perspective, (international) law being one of the instruments used to realise human security as well as being a material source or guiding principle for the formation of human security-enhancing policies. In particular, the volume critically discusses how various non-state actors, such as armed opposition groups, multinational corporations, private military / security companies, non-governmental organisations, and national human rights institutions, participate in the construction of such policies, and how they are held legally accountable for their adverse impact on human security.
Ryngaert / Noortmann
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Cedric Ryngaert is Associate Professor of International Law at Utrecht University and Leuven University. He is Co-rapporteur of the International Law Association’s Committee on Non-State Actors and senior member of the Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies as well as the Dutch School for Human Rights Research. His research was funded by the Innovational Research Incentive Scheme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO VENI).
Math Noortmann is Professor in International Relations and Public International Law at Oxford Brookes University (UK). He chairs the International Law Association’s Committee on Non-State Actors and convenes the International Law Working Group of the British International Studies Association. He is the founder and General Editor of the Ashgate Series on Non-State Actors in International Law, Politics and Governance and is a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict. He is an advisory board member of the Terrorism and Political Violence Association.