Simic / Simic / Volcic Peace Psychology in the Balkans

Dealing with a Violent Past while Building Peace
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4614-1948-8
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 248 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Peace Psychology Book Series

The volume covers the development of peace psychology in the Balkans. The Balkans is a region marked by post-communist and post-conflict transitional turmoil, and this book provides a comprehensive introduction to research in peace psychology in this part of the world, written by scholars primarily working in the Balkan area. It brings together innovative scholarship that examines interdisciplinary aspects of peace psychology researched and written by scholars from Kosovo, Serbia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Croatia, and Slovenia as well as presenting research that responds to contemporary global issues by tracking the ways in which peace psychology is developing and implementing in the Balkans.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Simic, Olivera

Simic,

Volcic, Zala

Philpot, Catherine R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;6
2;The Editors;8
3;Contents;10
4;Contributors;12
5;Chapter 1: Peace Psychology in the Balkans: In Times Past, Present, and Future;18
5.1;Contributions of Research and Practice in the Balkans to Peace Psychology;20
5.2;The Balkan Region;22
5.3;Explaining the Past;24
5.4;Examining the Present;26
5.5;Envisioning the Future;28
5.6;References;30
6;Part I: Explaining the Past;32
6.1;Chapter 2: Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Post-Communist Romania;33
6.1.1;Zoom Out: The Demographic-Economic Account;34
6.1.1.1;Demography;35
6.1.1.2;Economy;37
6.1.1.3;Migration;38
6.1.1.4;The Demographic-Economic Account and Romanian-Hungarian Ethnic Conflict;38
6.1.2;Zoom in: History, Ideology, and Identity;40
6.1.2.1;Changing Foundational Myths and National Enemies;41
6.1.2.2;Reciprocal Fear, Manipulation, and Mobilization;42
6.1.3;Ethnic Reconciliation: The Post-Communist Identity Shift;44
6.1.3.1;Socio-Economic Collapse and the Resurrection of the Pro-Western Orientation;45
6.1.3.2;Pro-Western Orientation and Interethnic Tolerance;46
6.1.4;Conclusion;47
6.1.5;References;48
6.2;Chapter 3: Theories of Ethnocentrism and Their Implications for Peacebuilding*;51
6.2.1;Ethnocentrism;53
6.2.2;What Causes Ethnocentrism?;55
6.2.2.1;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Threat and Insecurity;56
6.2.2.1.1;Realistic Group Conflict Theory;56
6.2.2.1.2;Authoritarian Personality Theory;57
6.2.2.1.3;Terror Management Theory;57
6.2.2.1.4;Summary and Implications;58
6.2.2.2;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Self-Aggrandizement;59
6.2.2.2.1;Social Identity Perspective;59
6.2.2.2.2;Elite Theory;60
6.2.2.2.3;Social Dominance Theory;60
6.2.2.2.4;Threat and Self-Aggrandizement Integration: The Dual Process Cognitive-Motivational Theory;61
6.2.2.2.5;Summary and Implications;61
6.2.2.3;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Preference for the Similar;62
6.2.2.3.1;Belief Congruence Theory;62
6.2.2.3.2;Optimal Distinctiveness Theory;63
6.2.2.3.3;Summary and Implications;63
6.2.2.4;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Proneness to Simplification;64
6.2.2.4.1;Role of Ignorance;64
6.2.2.4.2;Summary and Implications;65
6.2.2.5;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Social Factors;66
6.2.2.5.1;Summary and Implications;66
6.2.2.6;Ethnocentrism Is Caused by Evolutionary Factors;67
6.2.2.6.1;Summary and Implications;68
6.2.3;Summary and Conclusions;68
6.2.4;References;69
6.3;Chapter 4: Transforming Violent Masculinities in Serbia and Beyond;73
6.3.1;Introduction: The Problem, Definitions and Issues;74
6.3.2;Performativity and Psychology of Gender and the Concept of Hegemonic Masculinity;75
6.3.3;Shadow;78
6.3.4;Masculinity Wars;83
6.3.5;Alternative Peace-Oriented Masculinities;84
6.3.6;Conclusion;87
6.3.7;References;87
6.4;Chapter 5: Making or Breaking the Peace: The Role of Schools in Inter-Ethnic Peace Making;90
6.4.1;Introduction;91
6.4.2;Schools as Socialization Space;91
6.4.3;National Identity and Inter-Ethnic Conflict;93
6.4.4;Education, Curriculum and Conflict;95
6.4.5;The Place of Schools in Creating a Preferred Future;99
6.4.6;References;100
7;Part II: Examining the Present;103
7.1;Chapter 6: Journalistic Views on Post-Violent Peacebuilding in Bosnia and Herzegovina;104
7.1.1;Theoretical Background;107
7.1.2;Brief Political Context: The Case of “Dobrovoljacka”;108
7.1.3;Methodology;109
7.1.4;Newspapers’ Representation of Events on May 2nd and 3rd 1992;110
7.1.5;Journalists on Dobrovoljacka and Post-Violent Peacebuilding in BIH;113
7.1.5.1;Meaning and Representation of the Case of Dobrovoljacka;113
7.1.5.2;The Role of Media in Co-Creating Post-Violent Peacebuilding;114
7.1.5.3;Journalistic Work in Covering War Crimes;115
7.1.6;Discussion and Conclusion;117
7.1.7;References;120
7.2;Chapter 7: War Through Other Means: Examining the Role of Symbols in Bosnia and Herzegovina;122
7.2.1;The Political Role of Symbols: A Brief Theoretical Outline;123
7.2.2;Nationalism Through Symbols in Post-War Bosnia–Herzegovina;125
7.2.3;National Symbols in Post-Yugoslav Bosnia–Herzegovina;126
7.2.4;Representing then Nation: The Main Motifs of Croat, Serb and Muslim Nationhood;126
7.2.5;Mostar: Symbolic Representations of the Croat-Muslim Divide;132
7.2.6;Banja Luka: Undermining the Serb Republic with a Mosque;133
7.2.7;The Symbolism of Religious Buildings;135
7.2.8;Shared Symbols, Shared Space;136
7.2.9;Think BIG, Think BiH;136
7.2.10;Bruce Lee and Mostar: Global Pop Culture as a Symbol of Reconciliation;139
7.2.11;Conclusion;140
7.2.12;References;141
7.3;Chapter 8: Imagine Being Alone: Making Sense of Life in Contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina by Remembering the Past;142
7.3.1;Dramaturgicality of Everyday Life;144
7.3.2;Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Society in Transition;145
7.3.3;Contextualizing the Present Study;146
7.3.4;Methodology;147
7.3.5;Findings and Discussion;148
7.3.6;Esma in her Changing Society;149
7.3.7;Esma in her Changing Neighborhood;149
7.3.8;Esma Between Two Worlds: Communalism Versus Individualism;151
7.3.9;Concluding Remarks;152
7.3.10;References;153
7.4;Chapter 9: Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in a Sample of Bosnian Young Adults: Ten Years After the War;155
7.4.1;Introduction;156
7.4.2;Method;158
7.4.2.1;Participants;158
7.4.2.2;Materials and Procedure;159
7.4.3;Results;161
7.4.3.1;Description of War Events;161
7.4.3.2;Current Stress;161
7.4.3.3;Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms;161
7.4.3.4;Associations Between Current Stress and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms;163
7.4.4;Discussion;164
7.4.5;References;166
7.5;Chapter 10: Family in Exile: Examining the Risk and Resilience of Refugees in Serbia;169
7.5.1;Introduction;169
7.5.2;Family in Exile: Post Displacement Stressors;171
7.5.2.1;Living Conditions;171
7.5.2.2;Accommodation Within Host Families;172
7.5.2.3;Accommodation in Collective Centres (Refugee Camps);172
7.5.2.4;Integration into Local Community and Its Labour Market;173
7.5.2.5;Unemployment and Poverty;174
7.5.3;Family in Exile: Pre-Displacement and Displacement Stressors;175
7.5.4;What Can We Do in Order to Improve the Way Refuges Live?;177
7.5.5;A Systemic Family Approach;179
7.5.6;Conclusion;183
7.5.7;References;184
8;Part III: Envisioning the Future;186
8.1;Chapter 11: Parallel Worlds of Divided Community: Time Does Not Make Much Difference;187
8.1.1;Theoretical Background of the Study;188
8.1.2;Integroup Attitudes in a Divided Community;189
8.1.3;Social Background of the Study;190
8.1.4;Studying Interethnic Relations Among Young People Living in the Post-Conflict Community;192
8.1.5;Method;193
8.1.5.1;Participants;193
8.1.5.2;Measures;194
8.1.5.3;Procedure;195
8.1.6;Results;195
8.1.7;Discussion;200
8.1.8;Conclusions;204
8.1.9;References;205
8.2;Chapter 12: OpenOption : Roma, Discrimination, and Peace Building in Macedonian Šuto Orizari;209
8.2.1;Introduction;210
8.2.2;The Background of the Project OpenOption;211
8.2.2.1;Šuto Orizari, the First Roma Municipality in Europe;211
8.2.2.2;The Decade for Roma Inclusion 2005–2015 and the National Strategy for Roma;211
8.2.2.3;Presentation of Teatrino Clandestino and Theatre Roma: The Encounter;213
8.2.3;The Genesis of OpenOption: Common Problematic Space;213
8.2.3.1;Resisting Structural Violence Against Roma: A PoliticalPhilosophy Laboratory in Šuto Orizari;213
8.2.3.2;Why Are Roma the Last in Society?: Roma and Cultural Violence;215
8.2.4;In Pursuit of Social Justice: OpenOption as a Peacebuilding Project;216
8.2.4.1;Towards a New Imaginary;216
8.2.4.2;“What Is the Contemporary?”: Roma Enlightening Contemporariness;218
8.2.4.3;OpenOption – The Title and Its Meaning;220
8.2.4.4;Roma, A Nation Without a State and War;220
8.2.5;Conclusion: A Theater with Open Doors;221
8.2.6;References;222
8.3;Chapter 13: Overcoming Ethnic Hatred: Peacebuilding and Violent Conflict Prevention in Divided Societies;225
8.3.1;Introduction;226
8.3.2;Marginalization in the Ethnic Nation: The Roma and Hungarian Minorities in Romania;227
8.3.2.1;The Roma Minority;228
8.3.2.2;The Hungarian Minority;233
8.3.3;Conflict Prevention in Romania;234
8.3.4;Overcoming Ethnic Hatred: Lessons for Ethnic Conflict Management;236
8.3.5;Conclusion;241
8.3.6;References;242
8.4;Chapter 14: Coming to Terms with the Past Marked by Collective Crimes: Collective Moral Responsibility and Reconciliation;245
8.4.1;Introduction;246
8.4.2;Dealing with the Past;246
8.4.3;Why Collective Moral Responsibility Matters?;247
8.4.4;Acknowledgment of Collective Responsibility;250
8.4.5;Self-affirmation Effects;252
8.4.6;Conclusion;252
8.4.7;References;253
9;Index;255