Thüs / Büdel / Schultz Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Bd. 21/1 Freshwater Flora of Central Europe, Vol. 21/1: Fungi

1. Teil / 1st Part: Lichens
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-8274-2299-6
Verlag: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Deutsch, Band 21, 224 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa

Band 21 der „Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa“ beschreibt die aquatischen Pilze. Der vorliegende Teil 21/1 behandelt die Süßwasserflechten (symbiotische Assoziationen von Pilzen mit Grünalgen oder Cyanobakterien), die man in fast allen Fließgewässern mit sauberem Wasser und steinigem Bett findet. Die Süßwasserflechten-Flora hat ein großes Potential als Bioindikator für Sedimenteintrag, Stabilität des Gewässerbetts, Konstanz der Überflutung und des ph-Wertes. Mit weniger als 100 Arten sind die Süßwasserflechten eine relativ kleine und systematisch sehr heterogene Gruppe von spezialisierten Pilzen, die die aquatische Lebensweise konvergent erworben haben. Sie gehören mehreren nicht näher verwandten Ordnungen der Ascomycota an.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Thüs, Holger

Schultz, Matthias

Büdel, Burckhard

Gärtner, Georg

Krienitz, Lothar

Preisig, Hans Rudolf

Schagerl, Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface of the editor.- Preface of the authors.- Acknowledgements Introduction.- Characters of Importance for Identification.- Ecology of Freshwater Lichens.- General Key.- Taxonomic Treatment by Genera.- Literature.- Index.

Leseproben

"Introduction (p. 1-2)

Amphibious lichens are widely distributed but little recognized components of freshwater vegetation. In most assessments of freshwater organisms however, lichens are still neglected which is partly due to the fact that corresponding literature is widely scattered and a profound treatment of these lichens in Central Europe is still missing.

This book is intended to provide a comprehensive tool for the determination of freshwater lichens in Central Europe for both, the non-specialized limnologist and the interested lichenologist. It further summarizes basic information on ecology and distribution. The book roughly covers an area ranging from the Alps to the south shores of the North and Baltic Sea and from the Western Carpathians in the east to the Vosgues-Mountains in the west. Amphi- bious lichens are found in springs, streams and rivers wherever hard and stable - land areas, lichens can represent the most diverse group of organisms covering virtually any rock surface (e.g. Frey 1922).

On the other hand, they are very rarely found in lakes. Rock surfaces incrusted by silt, surface erosion by sediment particles or water with a pH below 5 can exclude any growth of lichens. Resulting structure of a given watercourse, as well as they indicate key factors of water chemistry (Nascimbene et al. 2007). Water pollution was – and certainly still is – the main reason for the dramatic decline of lichen growth especially along larger watercourses during the past decades.

However, increasing water quality and reduced acidic impacts have enabled some species to recover even along the banks of large Central European rivers as for example the Rhine (Thüs 2006). Consequently, the potential use of lichens for bioindication purposes is regarded very high (Aptroot & Seaward 2003, Nascimbene et al. 2007, Thüs 2002). Unfortunately, the knowledge on ecology and indicator values of many freshwater li- - tain species is endangered or not are still sketchy.

Therefore, corresponding notes this, we hope that the present book will stimulate the recognition of freshwater lichens and promote the use of these organisms in matters of nature conservation. Lichens do not form a natural group of organisms (Liu & Hall 2004, Lutzoni et al. 2001) but represent an exceedingly delightful lifestyle in higher fungi, characterized by the symbiotic association with one or more photosynthetic partner(s) which supply the lichenized fungus with organic metabolites (Honegger1998).

More than 2000 species of lichen forming fungi occur in Central Europe, but only a much smaller number is found in and along watercourses. The lichen symbiosis is a nutrition strategy with an excellent performance under conditions characterized by frequent changes in water availability, the total lack of liquid water or extended periods of desiccation (Lange 2003a, b, Lange & Green 1997, Ried 1960a). On the other hand, ecosystems with permanent supply of liquid water are rather poor in lichen species (Ried 1960b).

In Central Europe, roughly a dozen taxa of lichens are able to survive under permanent submersion. In the splash water zone of watercourses and in temporarily inundated micro-sites the species number is much higher, reaching more than 100 taxa in upland areas. small river is permanent or ephemeral, and in large rivers the water level can."

Über Autor(innen)

Dr. Holger Thüs, Studium (Biologie-Diplom) an der Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, anschließend Promotion an der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/M., nach der Promotion zunächst freiberufliche Tätigkeiten als Gutachter im Naturschutz, von 2003 bis 2007 Postdoc an der Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern. Seit September 2008 Kurator der Flechtensammlungen am Natural History Museum London. Forschungsgebiete: Biodiversität und Naturschutzforschung, Schwerpunkte sind z. Z. die Ökologie, Evolution und Taxonomie amphibischer Flechten.Dr. Matthias Schultz, Studium (Biologie-Diplom) an der Universität Rostock, anschließend Promotion and der Universität Kaiserslautern, seit 2001 Postdoc am Biozentrum Klein Flottbek der Universität Hamburg. Forschungsschwerpunkte sind Biodiversität, Taxonomie und Systematik cyanobakterieller Flechten.