E-Book, Englisch, Band 46, 321 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
Reihe: Umweltrechtliche Studien - Studies on Environmental Law
Unterweger International Law on Tuna Fisheries Management
1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-3-8452-6391-5
Verlag: Nomos
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Is the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission ready for the challenge?
E-Book, Englisch, Band 46, 321 Seiten, Format (B × H): 153 mm x 227 mm
Reihe: Umweltrechtliche Studien - Studies on Environmental Law
ISBN: 978-3-8452-6391-5
Verlag: Nomos
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
Tuna and tuna-like species are migrating over long distances and cross national and international boundaries. Therefore, international cooperation is required in order to ensure sustainable management of the fisheries targeting these species.
The book deals with the international legal framework for the management. It focuses on the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), concentrating particularly on the Western and Central Pacific Ocean regions. It provides a broader understanding of the international legal framework and examines whether or not this framework enables tuna RFMOs and, in particular, the Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission to manage their fisheries sustainably.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Cover;1
2; Introduction;18
3; Research objectives and structure;23
4; Chapter I The international law on tuna fisheries management;24
4.1; A. Introduction;24
4.2; B. Law of the Sea Convention;24
4.2.1; 1. Zonal regulations;29
4.2.1.1; a) Internal waters and territorial sea;29
4.2.1.2; b) Archipelagic states;30
4.2.1.3; c) Exclusive Economic Zone;32
4.2.1.4; d) High seas;34
4.2.2; 2. Regulations for specific stocks/species;36
4.2.2.1; a) Transboundary stocks;37
4.2.2.2; b) Straddling stocks;38
4.2.2.3; c) Highly migratory species;39
4.2.3; 3. Compliance and enforcement;42
4.2.4; 4. International obligations for the protection of the environment;44
4.2.5; 5. Scientific research;46
4.2.6; 6. Dispute settlement;47
4.3; C. Development after the adoption of the Convention on the Law of the Sea;48
4.3.1; 1. United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement;49
4.3.1.1; a) Conservation and management;53
4.3.1.2; b) Compatibility of EEZ and the high seas measures;56
4.3.1.3; c) International cooperation;58
4.3.1.4; d) Compliance and enforcement;61
4.3.1.5; e) Dispute settlement;65
4.3.2; 2. FAO Compliance Agreement;66
4.3.3; 3. FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries;69
4.3.4; 4. FAO International Plans of Action;72
4.3.4.1; a) IPOA-Seabirds;72
4.3.4.2; b) IPOA-Sharks;74
4.3.4.3; c) IPOA-Capacity;75
4.3.4.4; d) IPOA-IUU;76
4.3.5; 5. FAO Port State Measures Agreement;78
4.4; D. Summary;82
5; Chapter II International disputes regarding the sustainable exploitation of tuna and tuna-like species;86
5.1; A. Introduction;86
5.2; B. Dispute on Southern Bluefin Tuna;87
5.2.1; 1. History of the dispute;87
5.2.2; 2. Dispute settlement under the Convention of the CCSBT;88
5.2.3; 3. Dispute settlement through the ITLOS;89
5.2.4; 4. Dispute settlement through the Arbitral Tribunal;93
5.2.5; 5. Progress after the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal;95
5.3; C. Dispute on Swordfish in the South-Eastern Pacific Ocean;96
5.3.1; 1. History of the dispute;96
5.3.2; 2. Dispute settlement under the GATT;97
5.3.3; 3. Dispute settlement under the UNCLOS;99
5.4; D. Summary;102
6; Chapter III The five tuna RFMOs – Differences and Similarities;104
6.1; A. Introduction;104
6.2; B. Evolution of catches and stock status;106
6.2.1; 1. Evolution of catches;106
6.2.2; 2. Stock status;111
6.3; C. Legal framework;117
6.3.1; 1. Areas of competence;117
6.3.2; 2. Species coverage;121
6.3.3; 3. Organizational structure;123
6.3.4; 4. State participation in RFMOs;126
6.3.5; 5. Accession;131
6.3.6; 6. Decision making;133
6.3.6.1; a) Decision making procedure;134
6.3.6.2; b) Objections;135
6.3.7; 7. Settlement of disputes;137
6.3.8; 8. Regulation of total catch and fishing mortality;140
6.3.9; 9. Allocation criteria;144
6.3.10; 10. Application of the precautionary approach;147
6.3.11; 11. Monitoring, compliance and enforcement;153
6.3.11.1; a) Vessel register;153
6.3.11.2; b) Vessel Monitoring System;155
6.3.11.3; c) Regional observer programmes;157
6.3.11.4; d) Port state measures;160
6.3.11.5; e) Trade-related measures;164
6.3.11.5.1; aa) Catch and trade documentation schemes;165
6.3.11.5.2; bb) Trade restrictive measures;168
6.4; D. Summary;170
7; Chapter IV Tuna fisheries management in the Western- and Central Pacific Ocean;176
7.1; A. Introduction;176
7.2; B. Sub-regional cooperation in the WCPO between the Pacific Island countries and territories;177
7.2.1; 1. Secretariat of the Pacific Community;181
7.2.2; 2. Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency;184
7.2.3; 3. Nauru Agreement;187
7.2.4; 4. Palau Arrangement;190
7.2.5; 5. FSM Arrangement;194
7.2.6; 6. Niue Treaty;197
7.2.7; 7. Te Vaka Moana Arrangement;199
7.3; C. Regional cooperation - The WCPFC;200
7.3.1; 1. Negotiation process towards the WCPFC;200
7.3.2; 2. Convention area;204
7.3.3; 3. Species covered by the Convention;207
7.3.4; 4. Governance;208
7.3.4.1; a) Secretariat;208
7.3.4.2; b) Commission;210
7.3.4.2.1; aa) Composition;210
7.3.4.2.2; bb) Tasks;212
7.3.4.3; c) Subsidiary bodies of the Commission;213
7.3.4.3.1; aa) Scientific Committee;213
7.3.4.3.2; bb) Technical and Compliance Committee;217
7.3.4.3.3; cc) Northern Committee;218
7.3.5; 5. Decision making;221
7.3.6; 6. Settlement of disputes;223
7.3.7; 7. Cooperating non-members;224
7.3.8; 8. Cooperation with other tuna RFMOs;225
7.3.9; 9. Allocation of catch and effort;227
7.3.10; 10. Precautionary approach;231
7.3.11; 11. Conservation and management of target species;233
7.3.11.1; a) Bigeye, yellowfin and skipjack tuna;234
7.3.11.2; b) South Pacific albacore tuna;239
7.3.11.3; c) North Pacific albacore tuna;240
7.3.11.4; d) Pacific bluefin tuna;241
7.3.11.5; e) Swordfish;243
7.3.11.6; f) South Pacific striped marlin;244
7.3.11.7; g) North Pacific striped marlin;245
7.3.12; 12. Conservation and management of non-target species;246
7.3.12.1; a) Sharks;247
7.3.12.2; b) Seabirds;248
7.3.12.3; c) Sea turtles;249
7.3.12.4; d) Cetaceans;250
7.3.13; 13. Regulation for fishing gear/area;251
7.3.13.1; a) Prohibition of large-scale drift nets on the high seas;251
7.3.13.2; b) High seas FAD closures and catch retention;252
7.3.13.3; c) Eastern High Seas Pocket Special Management Area;254
7.3.13.4; d) Prohibition of fishing on data buoys;255
7.3.14; 14. Monitoring, compliance and enforcement;255
7.3.14.1; a) Marking and identification of fishing vessels;256
7.3.14.2; b) Record of fishing vessels and authorization to fish;257
7.3.14.3; c) Establishment of a list of IUU-vessels;259
7.3.14.4; d) Commission Vessel Monitoring System;260
7.3.14.5; e) Regional Observer Programme;263
7.3.14.6; f) Regulation of transshipment;265
7.3.14.7; g) Monitoring of landings of purse seiners at ports;267
7.3.14.8; h) Boarding and inspection procedures;268
7.3.14.9; i) Vessels without nationality;271
7.3.14.10; j) Charter Notification Scheme;272
7.3.14.11; k) Compliance Monitoring Scheme;273
7.4; D. Summary and challenges;276
8; Chapter V Final conclusions;280
9; Legal documents;286
10; Reports;299
11; Bibliography;303
